Table 3.

Major randomized controlled trials of cardiovascular medications in hemodialysis patients

First author, year (ref #)	Inclusion criteria	Intervention	Duration, years	Composite fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events			All-cause mortality (%)			Cardiovascular mortality (%)
First author, year (ref #)	Inclusion criteria	Intervention	Duration, years	Intervention	Placebo	HR (95%CI)	Intervention	Placebo	HR (95%CI)	Intervention	Placebo	HR (95%CI)
FOSIDIAL, 2006 ⁽⁹⁵⁾.	HD, LVH (n=397)	Fosinopril titrated up to 20 mg/day	2	NA	NA	0.80 (0.59–1.1)	-	-	-	-	-	-
Takahashi et al., 2006 ⁽⁹⁶⁾.	HD (n=80)	Candesartan 4–8 mg/day	19.4 mo	16.3	45.9	0.29 (0.12–0.70)	-	18.9	NA	-	-	-
Suzuki et al., 2008 ⁽⁹⁷⁾.	HD, SBP >160 mmHg or >150 mmHg if receiving anti-HT drugs (n=366)	Losartan up to 100 mg, or candesartan up to 12 mg/day or valsartan up to 160 mg/day	3	19	33	0.51 (0.33–0.79)	14	21	0.64 (0.39–1.06)	-	-	-
OCTOPUS, 2013 ⁽⁹⁸⁾.	HD, BP≥140/90 mmHg (n=469)	Olmesartan 10–40 mg/day until achieved target BP of <140/90 mmHg	3.5	35.3	34	1.00 (0.71–1.40)	24	22.2	0.97 (0.62–1.52)	-	-	-
DOHAS, 2014 ⁽¹⁰¹⁾.	HD, serum K <6.5 mEq/L (n=309)	Spironolactone 25 mg/day	3	5.7	15.1	0.40 (0.20–0.81)	6.4	19.7	0.36 (0.19–0.66)	2.5	4.6	0.57 (.18–1.87)
4D, 2005 ⁽⁶⁾.	HD, type 2 DM, LDL 90–180 mg/dL (n=1255)	Atorvastatin 20 mg/day	4	37	38	0.92 (0.77–1.10)	48	50	0.93 (0.79–1.08)	20	23	0.81 (0.64–1.03)
AURORA, 2009 ⁽²⁶⁾.	HD (n=2776)	Rosuvastatin 10 mg/day	3.8	28.5	29.5	0.96 (0.84–1.11)	45.8	47.7	0.96 (0.86–1.07)	23.3	23.4	1.00 (0.85–1.16)
SHARP, 2011 ⁽⁸⁾.	CKD Cr≥1.7 mg/dL in men or 1.5 mg/dL in women (n = 9270)	Simvastatin 20 mg/day plus ezetimibe 10 mg/day	4.9	11.3	13.4	0.83 (0.74–0.94)	24.6	24.1	1.02 (0.94–1.1)	5.4	5.9	0.93 (0.78–1.10)
SHARP, 2011 ⁽⁸⁾.	Dialysis subgroup (n=3023; HD=2527, PD=496)	Simvastatin 20 mg/day plus ezetimibe 10 mg/day	4.9	15	16.5	0.90 (0.75–1.08)	-	-	-	-	-	-