Table 1.

List of genetically encoded photosensitive modules used in optogenetics.

Photoresponsive module	Cofactor	on (nm)	off (nm)	Turn-on half time	Turn-off half time	Application in the immune system	References
UVR8	Trp	~310	dark	seconds	seconds	NA	[34]
LOV2	FMN	440–480	dark	seconds	seconds	Opto-CRAC	[21, 33, 36,49, 51]
CRY2	FAD	405–488	dark	seconds	~5-30 min	NA	[32, 38, 43]
ChR2	retinal	~470	dark	ms	ms	PA-CXCR4	[23]
Dronpa	Cys-Tyr-Gly	490	390	seconds	seconds	NA	[60]
PhyB	PCB	650	750	seconds	seconds	NA	[30]
BphP1	BV	740	650/dark	min	min	NA	[39]