Figure 4.

Cytokine ELISA analysis. Cytokine production by monocytes THP-1 differentiated to macrophages and stimulated with Hymenolepis diminuta (HD) and ES products of this parasite [excretory/secretory products (ESP)]. Cells (1 × 10⁶/ml) were stimulated in vitro for 24 h with whole parasite or 5μg/ml ES products (light gray bar) or unstimulated (dark gray) or in combination with LPS (100 ng/ml). Results are expressed as a mean ± SD of four independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed by Student’s t-test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered to be significant.