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. 2017 Feb 13;8:14283. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14283

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(a) Ex situ X-ray diffraction patterns of NG in various charging and discharging states (denoted C and D in the figure, respectively) through the second cycle. (b) In situ Raman spectra recorded for the NG cathode through a charge–discharge cycle showing chloroaluminate anion intercalation/de-intercalation into graphite. (c) Raman spectra of NG recorded at the charging voltage of 1.99, 2.37, 2.42 and 2.45 V and discharging voltage of 2.3, 2.24, 1.8 and 0.5 V, respectively. (d) Raman spectrum of the NG electrode after hundreds of cycles.