Figure 5. Combination therapy leads to expansion of activated TILs.

Animals were challenged with a large tumour cell dose (2 × 10⁵ cells in each flank) to allow tumour outgrowth, treated according to the schedule in Fig. 4b, and tumours were collected on day 15. (a) Representative flow cytometry plots of CD45⁺CD3⁺ cells gated on total live-cell population. (b–d) Absolute number of CD45⁺ (b), CD11b⁺ (c) and NK1.1⁺ (d) cells per gram of tumour. (e) Absolute numbers of lymphocytes per gram of tumour. (f) Relative percentage of Tregs of CD45⁺ cells. (g–i) Upregulation of ICOS (g), Granzyme B (h) and Ki-67 (i) on tumour-infiltrating CD8⁺ and CD4⁺FoxP3⁻ lymphocytes. (j) Expression of IFNγ by tumour-infiltrating CD8⁺ lymphocytes in response to re-stimulation with DC's loaded with tumour lysates. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001, NS, non-significant. Pooled data from three experiments with 5–10 animals per group. Data with error bars represent mean±s.e.m. One way ANOVA was used for the analyses.