Table 1.
Baseline demographic data on the 40 type 1 diabetes study participants
| Clinical characteristics | |
| Age (y) | 48±14 |
| Female, n (%) | 21 (53) |
| Diabetes duration (y) | 27±14 |
| BMI | 28.1±5.8 |
| SBP/DBP (mm Hg) | 126/70±13/9 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 7 (18) |
| Alcohol use (%) | 32 (80) |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 22 (55) |
| Family history of neuropathy (%) | 5 (13) |
| Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score | |
| No neuropathy (1–5) (%) | 16 (40) |
| Mild neuropathy (6–8) (%) | 14 (35) |
| Moderate neuropathy (9–11) (%) | 10 (25) |
| DSP (England criteria)(n=39) | |
| Absent neuropathy (%) | 16 (41) |
| Diagnosed neuropathy (%) | 23 (59) |
| IVCCM CNFL | |
| 300 μm lens manual (mm/mm2) | 12.0±5.2 |
| 300 μm lens automated (mm/mm2) | 8.3±2.3 |
| No DSP, low risk—CNFL >15 mm/mm2 (n) |
19.0±4.6 (6) |
| No DSP, high risk—CNFL <15 mm/mm2, (n) |
11.0±2.1(10) |
| Established DSP—CNFL <15 mm/mm2, (n) |
10.5±4.5 (23) |
| Biochemical characteristics | |
| A1C (%) | 7.6±1.0 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.23±0.95 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.20±0.70 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L | 1.61±0.44 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.61±0.91 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.25±2.20 |
| TSH (mIU/L) | 2.28±1.41 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 72±17 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 87±16 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 3.8±7.5 |
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C reactive protein; CNFL, corneal nerve fiber length; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DSP, diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoproteins; LDL, low-density lipoproteins; SBP, systolic blood press; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.