kapa
|
|
(s−1) |
Platelets activation due to agonists; tct is the characteristic time, which can be used for adjusting the activation rate, and here we choose tct = 1s as provided Sorensen13,14; implies the reaction cannot be faster than platelets physical activation procedure and 99% platelets will be activated during the activation procedure if the agonists or shear stress is large enough tact is the characteristic time; tact is suggested to range from 0.1 s to 0.5 s considering the results by Frojmovic et al.69 and Richardson70. |
Ω |
|
(N/A) |
aj refers to the concentration of ADP, TxA2 and Thrombin. Value of wj and aj,crit see Table 8
|
kspa
|
|
(s−1) |
Platelet activation due to shear stress, τ. Expression tct,spa = 4.0 × 106 τ−2.3 was provided by Goodman21 and Hellums71. |
krpd
|
|
(s−1) |
Unactivated platelets–deposited activated platelets ([RP]-[APd]), deposition rate. f refers to the face of a mesh cell and is the unit normal to the face. Details about how this term is calculated are provided in Supplemental Appendix. |
kra
|
3.0 × 10−6
|
(m s−1) |
Constant related to krpd13,14. |
kapd
|
|
(s−1) |
Activated platelets-deposited activated platelets ([AP]-[APd]) deposition rate. Details about how this term is calculated are provided in Supplemental Appendix. |
kaa
|
3.0 × 10−5
|
(m s−1) |
Constant related to kapd13,14. |
femb
|
|
s−1
|
Platelet embolization due to shear stress; Expression exp(−0.0095τ) was suggested by Goodman21. DiaPLT = 2.78 × 10−6 m is the hydraulic diameter of platelets. |
kemb,f
|
|
s−1
|
|
τemb
|
30 |
dyne cm−2
|
Platelet shear embolization related constant21. |
fembb
|
|
s−1
|
Platelet embolization in boundary due to shear stress. |
τembb
|
To be determined, dends on bio-material. |
dyne cm−2
|
Patelet shear embolization related constant. |
PLTmax
|
|
PLT m−3
|
The maximum concentration of platelets in space. PLTs,max = 7 × 1010 PLTm−2 is the total capacity of the surface for platelets; DiaPLT = 2.78 × 10−6 m. |
λj
|
2.4 × 10−8
|
mol PLT m−3
|
The amount of agonist j released per platelet. |
θ |
1.0 |
(N/A) |
Platelets activation by contact. |
k1,j
|
|
(s−1) |
The inhibition rate constant of agonist. |
spi
|
|
mol PLT−3 s |
The rate constant of synthesis of an agonist. |
ε |
9.11 × 10−3
|
mol U−1
|
Unit conversion. From NIH units to SI units. |
ϕat
|
3.69 × 10−15
|
m3 nmol−1 PLT−1 Us−1
|
Thrombin generation rate on the surface of activated platelets. |
ϕrt
|
6.5 × 10−16
|
m3 nmol−1 PLT−1 Us−1
|
Thrombin generation rate on the surface of unactivated platelets. |
Γ |
|
(s−1) |
Griffith’s template model for the kinetics of the heparin-catalyzed inactivation of thrombin by ATIII. |
k1,T
|
13.333 |
(s−1) |
A first-order rate constant. |
[H] |
0.1 × 106
|
nmol m−3
|
Heparin concentration, assuming specific activity of 300 U mg−1 and. molecular weight of 16 kDa14,72. |
α |
1.0 |
(N/A) |
A factor to simulate a change in affinity of heparin for ATIII when it is bound to thrombin or for thrombin when it is bound to ATIII. |
KAT
|
0.1 × 106
|
nmol m−3
|
The dissociation constant for heparin/ATIII. |
KT
|
3.50 × 104
|
nmol m−3
|
The dissociation constant for heparin/thrombin. |
S |
|
(N/A) |
Pntage of the wall (boundary) not been occupied by deposited platelets. |
krpdb
|
To be determined, depends on bio-material. |
(m s−1) |
Unactivated platelet-boundary(wall) deposition rate. |
kapdb
|
To be determined, depends on bio-material. |
(m s−1) |
Activated platelet-boundary(wall) deposition rate. |
fstb
|
0.0 |
(s−1) |
Deposited activated platelet stabilization rate. |
ϕ |
|
(N/A) |
Volume fraction of deposited platelets. |