Figure 1.

Effects of methanol extracts of propolis on the H₂O₂-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. (a) Cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells pretreatment with different concentrations of propolis for 48 hours. (b) The effect of pretreatment with methanol extracts of propolis for 2 h on H₂O₂ exposed SH-SY5Y cells. Each column and bar represent mean ± SEM (n = 4 each). An asterisk indicates a statistically significant difference from the indicated group value (^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001). (c) The morphological changes of SH-SY5Y cells with or without pretreatment with propolis (10 μg/mL) after expose to H₂O₂ for 24 h. Scale bar = 20 μm.