Table 1.
Subject clinical characteristics
| Parameter | Control | Type 2 diabetes | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects (n) | 20 | 20 | |
| Male | 13 | 15 | |
| Female | 7 | 5 | |
| DSPN (n) | NA | ||
| With | NA | 8 | |
| Without | NA | 12 | |
| Age (years) | 61.5 ± 6.0 | 63.1 ± 10.8 | 0.56 |
| Height (m) | 1.69 ± 0.09 | 1.67 ± 0.09 | 0.53 |
| Body mass (kg) | 78.1 ± 11.5 | 82.6 ± 18.2 | 0.34 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 ± 3.9 | 29.4 ± 4.1 | 0.09 |
| Ethnicity (n) | |||
| Asian | 9 | 2 | |
| European | 11 | 18 | |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | NA | 14.9 ± 9.9 | |
| 25OHD (nmol/L) | 78.9 ± 48.8 | 72.6 ± 43.5 | 0.66 |
| 25OHD/BMI | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 0.48 |
| 25OHD/BSA | 1.91 ± 0.17 | 1.95 ± 0.25 | 0.54 |
| HbA1c (%) | NA | 7.34 ± 1.52 | NA |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | NA | 4.01 ± 0.73 | NA |
| HDL (mmol/L) | NA | 1.37 ± 0.887 | NA |
| LDL (mmol/L) | NA | 1.76 ± 0.62 | NA |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | NA | 1.80 ± 1.82 | NA |
| NDS (0–10) | 0.4 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 2.6 | 0.000 |
| VPT (Hz) | 6.4 ± 3.0 | 14.7 ± 11.0 | 0.003 |
| CT (°C) | NA | 26.1 ± 3.3 | NA |
| WT (°C) | NA | 41.6 ± 4.9 | NA |
| SNCV (m/s) | NA | 10.4 ± 11.5 | NA |
| SNAP (μV) | NA | 5.2 ± 10.7 | NA |
| PMNCV (m/s) | NA | 40.0 ± 11.2 | NA |
| PMNAP (mV) | NA | 4.7 ± 4.1 | NA |
| CNFD (n/mm2) | NA | 28.0 ± 9.2 | NA |
| CNBD (n/mm2) | NA | 95.9 ± 41.4 | NA |
| CNFL (mm/mm2) | NA | 23.6 ± 8.57 | NA |
| CNFT (TC) | NA | 20.50 ± 4.2 | NA |
| IENFD (n/mm) | NA | 7.8 ± 5.4 | NA |
Data are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated. BSA, body surface area; CNBD, corneal nerve branch density; CNFD, corneal nerve fiber density; CNFL, corneal nerve fiber length; CNFT, corneal nerve fiber tortuosity; CT, cold threshold; IENFD, intraepidermal nerve fiber density; NA, not applicable; PMNAP, peroneal motor nerve amplitude; PMNCV, peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity; SNAP, sural sensory nerve amplitude; SNVC, sural sensory nerve conduction velocity; TC, tortuosity coefficient; WT, warm threshold.