Table 2.
Prevalence and results from unadjusted and adjusted analyses of PRs and 95% CIs of MCM
| Comparisons made between | Total (N) | MCM (n) | Prevalence per 100 live births (95% CI) | PRunadj | 95% CI | PRadj* | 95% CI No AED |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No AED | 239,151 | 5,315 | 2.22 (2.16–2.28) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Valproate | 229 | 15 | 6.55 (3.71–10.57) | 2.95 | (1.81–4.81) | 2.19 | (1.32–3.64) |
| No AED | 239,151 | 5,315 | 2.22 (2.16–2.28) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Valproate polytherapy | 53 | 5 | 9.43 (3.13–20.66) | 4.24 | (1.86–9.69) | 2.98 | (1.29–6.88) |
| No AED | 239,151 | 5,315 | 2.22 (2.16–2.28) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Valproate monotherapy | 176 | 10 | 5.68 (2.76–10.20) | 2.56 | (1.40–4.67) | 1.94 | (1.05–3.61) |
| No AED | 239,151 | 5,315 | 2.22 (2.16–2.28) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Carbamazepine | 334 | 11 | 3.29 (1.66–5.82) | 1.48 | (0.80–2.74) | 1.09 | (0.57–2.09) |
| No AED | 239,151 | 5,315 | 2.22 (2.16–2.28) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Lamotrigine | 357 | 10 | 2.80 (1.35–5.09) | 1.26 | (0.69–2.31) | 0.95 | (0.51–1.79) |
| Lamotrigine/carbamazepine | 691 | 21 | 3.04 (1.89–4.61) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Valproate | 229 | 15 | 6.55 (3.71–10.57) | 2.16 | (1.15–4.04) | 2.33 | (1.21–4.50) |
Note:
*
Adjusted analyses include adjustments for maternal age, sex of child, quintiles of Townsend deprivation score and indication for treatment.
Abbreviations: PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval; PRunadj, unadjusted PR; PRadj, adjusted PR; AEDs, antiepileptic drugs; MCM, major congenital malformations.