Table 1.

Pretreatment and demographic data

Variable	Results
	Group A	Group B	Between-group difference
Gender			p=0.6998
Male	98	114
Female	102	86
Age (years)	43.74 (±9.73)	44.12 (±10.22)	p=0.133
Height (cm)	166.91 (±9.23)	168.49 (±8.86)	p=0.0824
Ethnicity			p=0.314
Asian	2	0
Black	71	83
Caucasian	90	86
Mulatto	37	31
Pain location			p=0.5112
Back pain	125	127
Hip pain	45	37
Carpal tunnel syndrome	30	36
Overall diet			p=0.415
Good	72	61
Moderate	87	99
Poor	41	40
Alcohol consumption			p=0.57
None	63	72
≤2 drinks/day	82	73
>2 drinks/day	55	55
Cigarette smoking			p=0.102
Non-smoker	91	78
<10 cigarettes/day	54	47
≥10 cigarettes/day	55	75
Manual labor			p=0.309
Light	57	68
Moderate	69	56
Heavy	74	76
Physical exercise			p=0.415
Regular (at least 1×/week)	49	41
Irregular	81	77
None	70	82

Notes: Data are n, or mean (±standard deviation). Group A: subjects treated with uridine, cytidine, and vitamin B12. Group B: subjects treated with vitamin B12 alone.