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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Clin Epidemiol. 2016 Oct 19;81:129–139. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.09.012

Table 5. Risk factors associated with mortality from ART initiation, stratified by cohort.

TAHOD-LITE
n = 14 713		 TAHOD
n = 2 284		 Interaction
p value1
Total
Patients		 % of
deaths2 		HR 95% CI p
value3 		Total
Patients		 % of
deaths2 		HR 95% CI p
value3
Year of ART Initiation 0.044 0.048 0.015
2003-2005 2367 (27) 1.00 562 (46) 1.00
2006-2009 5500 (41) 0.83 (0.69, 1.01) 0.067 743 (27) 0.72 (0.41, 1.26) 0.246
2010-2013 6846 (32) 0.79 (0.63, 0.99) 0.044 979 (27) 0.45 (0.20, 1.01) 0.054
Age at ART initiation (years) <0.001 0.003 0.877
≤30 3692 (18) 1.00 638 (26) 1.00
31-40 6638 (41) 1.08 (0.88, 1.32) 0.458 1016 (38) 1.11 (0.68, 1.79) 0.680
41-50 2922 (21) 1.23 (0.98, 1.56) 0.077 430 (19) 1.17 (0.65, 2.11) 0.604
51+ 1461 (20) 2.23 (1.74, 2.86) <0.001 200 (17) 3.35 (1.76, 6.37) <0.001
Sex 0.461
Male 10094 (80) 1.00 1584 (80) 1.00
Female 4619 (20) 0.72 (0.60, 0.87) 0.001 700 (20) 0.82 (0.49, 1.35) 0.431
Mode of HIV Exposure <0.001 0.517 0.463
Heterosexual contact 12025 (80) 1.00 1552 (59) 1.00
Homosexual contact 1031 (4) 0.64 (0.44, 0.94) 0.025 271 (11) 1.40 (0.69, 2.84) 0.356
Injecting drug use 527 (8) 1.91 (1.29, 2.85) 0.001 250 (21) 1.50 (0.75, 3.02) 0.253
Other/unknown 1130 (8) 1.04 (0.80, 1.37) 0.760 211 (9) 1.42 (0.72, 2.82) 0.310
Pre-ART HIV viral load
(copies/mL) 		<0.001 0.614 0.910
≤100000 1314 (6) 1.00 410 (12) 1.00
>100000 1491 (12) 1.18 (0.82, 1.70) 0.366 398 (18) 0.84 (0.41, 1.72) 0.628
Not tested 11908 (82) 1.78 (1.26, 2.52) <0.001 1476 (70) 1.16 (0.52, 2.59) 0.717
Pre-ART CD4 cell count
(cells/μL) 		<0.001 <0.001 0.394
≤50 2987 (35) 1.00 653 (49) 1.00
51-100 1997 (22) 0.90 (0.74, 1.10) 0.309 291 (15) 0.61 (0.35, 1.06) 0.079
101-200 3367 (19) 0.48 (0.39, 0.59) <0.001 490 (21) 0.58 (0.35, 0.94) 0.028
201+ 4083 (10) 0.26 (0.20, 0.33) <0.001 618 (7) 0.17 (0.08, 0.38) <0.001
Not tested 2278 (14) 0.53 (0.42, 0.67) <0.001 232 (8) 0.40 (0.19, 0.85) 0.017
First-line regimen 0.048 0.996 0.560
NRTIs+NNRTI4 13987 (94) 1.00 2072 (95) 1.00
NRTIs+PI5 632 (6) 1.52 (1.08, 2.13) 0.015 187 (5) 1.04 (0.39, 2.77) 0.932
Other6 94 (<1) 1.34 (0.50, 3.64) 0.563 25 (-) 0.00 1.000
Previous mono/duo exposure 0.202
No 14216 (95) 1.00 2167 (86) 1.00
Yes 497 (5) 1.16 (0.84, 1.61) 0.357 117 (14) 1.72 (0.90, 3.30) 0.102
Hepatitis B co-infection 7 0.079 0.339 0.018
Negative 6823 (47) 1.00 1730 (74) 1.00
Positive 694 (7) 1.37 (1.03, 1.82) 0.029 195 (7) 0.60 (0.29, 1.24) 0.168
Not tested 7196 (46) 0.96 (0.72, 1.28) 0.774 359 (19) 0.78 (0.36, 1.69) 0.531
Hepatitis C co-infection 8 0.652 0.888 0.068
Negative 6028 (40) 1.00 1475 (59) 1.00
Positive 717 (9) 1.17 (0.80, 1.70) 0.414 310 (18) 0.92 (0.47, 1.80) 0.807
Not tested 7968 (51) 1.09 (0.78, 1.51) 0.620 499 (23) 1.15 (0.52, 2.56) 0.729
1

Wald test for the interaction term between cohort (ie. TAHOD or TAHOD-LITE) and the respective risk factor.

2

Column percentages of the patients who have died for the respective risk factor, by cohort.

3

Wald test for each level and global of the respective risk factor. Global p values for year of ART initiation, age and pre-ART CD4 count are test for trend while all other global p values are test for heterogeneity.

4

Regimen combination consisting of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).

5

Regimen combination consisting of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and protease inhibitor (PI).

6

Any regimen combination excluding NRTIs+NNRTI or NRTIs+PI.

7

Hepatitis B surface antigen result where positive indicates ever positive result.

8

Hepatitis C antibody result where positive indicates ever positive result.