Table 1.

Arthropod serpins discussed in this review article.

Gene name	Accession numbera	Species	Site of expression	Functiond	Target proteinase	References
Alboserpin	AAC31158	Aedes aegypti	Saliva	Anticoagulation	Factor Xa	[101,102]
SRPN2	XP-001651231	Aedes aegypti	Hemolymph	Immunity, Melanization	TMP, IMP-1	[52]
SRPN1	XP .001648011	Aedes aegypti	Hemolymph	Immunity, Melanization	IMP-1, IMP-2, CLIPB10	[52]
SRPN3	XP .001651232	Aedes aegypti	Hemolymph	Unknown	Unknown	[52]
Alboserpin	AAV90669	Aedes albopictus	Saliva	Anticoagulation	Factor Xa	[114]
Serpin 19	JAI08902	Amblyomma americanum	Saliva	Anticoagulation	Factor Xa, Factor XIa, trypsin, plasmin	[113]
Serpin 6 (AamS6)	ABS87358	Amblyomma americanum	Saliva	Anticoagulation, Immunosuppression	elastase, chymase, papain, plasmin	[100]
SRPN10A(KRAL)	CAD12784	Anopheles gambiae	Midgut	Immunity	Unknown	[27,57]
SRPN10B (RCM)	CAD12783	Anopheles gambiae	Midgut	Immunity	Unknown	[27,57]
SRPN10C (FCM)	CAD12782	Anopheles gambiae	Midgut	Immunity	Unknown	[27,57]
SRPN10D (CAM)	CAD12781	Anopheles gambiae	Midgut	Immunity	Unknown	[27,57]
SRPN1	ABL67437.1	Anopheles gambiae	Hemolymph	Unknown	Unknown	[50]
SRPN2	XP-308845.4	Anopheles gambiae	Hemolymph	Immunity, Melanization	CLIPB9	[50,51,126,146]
SRPN3	ABJ52802.1	Anopheles gambiae	Hemolymph	Unknown	Unknown	[50]
SRPN6	XP_319990.2	Anopheles gambiae	Midgut, Salivary glands, hemocytes	Immunity	Unknown	[66–69,71]
Serpin 1 (SW-AT)-1	ACT36272	Bombyx mori	most tissues	Acute phase	Unknown	[26]
SW-AT-2	ACT36273	Bombyx mori	most tissues	Unknown	Unknown	[26]
SW-AT-3	ACT36274	Bombyx mori	most tissues	Unknown	Unknown	[26]
SW-AT-4	ACT36275	Bombyx mori	silk glands, midgut, fat body	Unknown	Unknown	[26]
serpin16	NP-001139708	Bombyx mori	Silk glands	Unknown	Unknown	[127]
serpin18	ACG61181	Bombyx mori	Silk glands	Regulation of silk production, Development	fibrinase	[126]
(Acp)76A (Spn76A)	NP-524153.1	Drosophila melanogaster	Seminal fluid	Unknown, possibly hormone transport	Non-inhibitory	[13,82–87]
Spn27A	NP-652024.1	Drosophila melanogaster	Hemolymph	Immunity, Development	MP2	[46–49,80]
Spn28D	NP-609172.1	Drosophila melanogaster	Hemolymp, trachea	Immunity, Wound healing, Development	Unknown	[13,72–74]
Spn28F	NP-524957.2	Drosophila melanogaster	Seminal fluid	Unknown	Unknown	[13,86]
Spn38F	NP-524956.2	Drosophila melanogaster	Seminal fluid	Antibacterial	Unknown	[13,86]
Spn4A (Serpin 42 Da)	NP-724512.1	Drosophila melanogaster	Midgut epithelia	Immunity, Secretory pathway regulation	Proprotein convertase, furin1, furin2	[58–61]
Spn53F	NP-001036553	Drosophila melanogaster	Seminal fluid	Unknown	Non-inhibitory	[13,86]
Spn75F	NP-001036614	Drosophila melanogaster	Seminal fluid	Unknown	Non-inhibitory	[13,86]
Spn77Bc	NP-649207.1	Drosophila melanogaster	Seminal fluid	Unknown	Non-inhibitory	[13,86]
SRPN10	GMOY012007b	Glossina morsitans	Midgut, Saliva	Immunosuppression	Complement factor C1 and D	[64]
serpin-1 (HLS1)	unknownc	Haemaphysalis longicornis	Midgut	Anticoagulation	Unknown	[116]
serpin-2 (HLS2)	BAD11156	Haemaphysalis longicornis	Hemolymph	Unknown	Unknown	[115]
Hdd3	AAD40672	Hyphantria cunea	Hemolymph	Immunity, Melanization	PAP	[55,56]
Iris	CAB55818	Ixodes ricinus	Saliva	ImmunosuppressionAnticoagulation	Elastase, tissue plasminogen activator	[105–107]
IRS-2	ABI94056	Ixodes ricinus	Saliva	Anti-inflammation	Cathepsin G, chymase, thrombin	[108,109]
IxscS-1E1	KF990169	Ixodes scapularis	Saliva	Anticoagulation	Thrombin, trypsin	[110]
LbSPNy	ACQ83466	Leptopilina boulardi	Venom	Immunosuppression	Unknown	[97]
Serpin 1A	AAC47343	Manduca sexta	Hemolymph	Unknown	Unknown	[20,22,128,129]
Serpin 1B	AAC47343	Manduca sexta	Hemolymph	Unknown	Unknown	[20–22,123,128,129]
Serpin 1E	AAC47343	Manduca sexta	Hemolymph	Unknown	Unknown	[20,22,123,128,129]
Serpin 1K	AAC47334	Manduca sexta	Hemolymph	Unknown	Unknown	[20,22,122,128,129]
Serpin-1J	AAC47340	Manduca sexta	Hemolymph	Immunity, Toll signaling, Melanization	HP8, PAP3	[20,22,33,40,128,129]
Serpin-3	AAO21505, AAO21506	Manduca sexta	Hemolymph	Immunity, Melanization	PAP-1, PAP-3, HP8	[41]
Serpin-4	AAS68503, AAS68504	Manduca sexta	Hemolymph	Immunity, Melanization	HP-1, HP-6, HP-21	[53,54]
Serpin-5	AAS68507, AAS68508	Manduca sexta	Hemolymph	Immunity, Toll signaling	HP-1, HP-6	[53,54]
Serpin-6	AAV91026	Manduca sexta	Hemolymph	Immunity, Melanization	PAP3, HP8	[42]
Serpin-7	ADM86478	Manduca sexta	Hemolymph	Immunity, Melanization	PAP3	[44]
Serpin-3	AHA43071	Ostrinia furnacalis	Hemolymph	Immunity, Melanization	SP13	[45]
Pxserpin-1	BAD52261	Plutella xylostella	Hemolymph	Immunity	unknown	[76]
Serpin 27	unknown	Plutella xylostella	Hemolymph	Immunity, AMP production, Melanization	unknown	[78]
serpin-1 (RAS-1)	AAK61375	Rhipicephalus appendiculatus	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	[118]
serpin-2 (RAS-2)	AAK61376	Rhipicephalus appendiculatus	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	[118]
Rms-15	AHC98666	Rhipicephalus microplus	Saliva	Anticoagulation	thrombin	[112]
Rms-17	AHC98658	Rhipicephalus microplus	Saliva	Anticoagulation	cathepsin G, plasmin	[111]
Rms-3	AHC98654	Rhipicephalus microplus	Saliva	Anticoagulation	cathepsin G	[111]
Rms-6	AHC98657	Rhipicephalus microplus	Saliva	Unknown	Unknown	[111]
SPN40	BAI59106	Tenebrio molitor	Hemolymph	Immunity, Toll signaling, Melanization	MSP	[36]
SPN48	BAI59108	Tenebrio molitor	Hemolymph	Immunity, Toll signaling, Melanization	SPE	[35]
SPN55	BAI59107	Tenebrio molitor	Hemolymph	Immunity, Toll signaling, Melanization	SAE	[36]

Abbreviations: TMP – tissue melanization protease; IMP – immune melanization protease; CLIP – clip-domain containing proteinase; MP – melanization protease; PAP – prophenoloxidase activating proteinase; HP – hemolymph proteinase; SP – serine protease; MSP – modular serine protease; SPE – spätzle-processing enzyme; SAE – spätzle-processing-enzyme-activating enzyme.

^aAccession numbers according to Genbank (NCBI).

^bAccession number in VectorBase, no Genbank accession number available.

^cNo accession number identifiable.

^dFunction(s) of serpins that target mammalian host physiologies are italized.