Histological analyses reveal variations in epididymal structure and luminal content between WT and Pmca4−/− males, with no effect of diet. Sections were prepared from caput (a, d), corpus (b, e), and cauda (c, f) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The germ cell population in the caput epididymis of Pmca4−/− has a paucity of germ cells and contain pyknotic-rounded cells (asterisks). In the caudal epididymis of Pmca4−/− the presence of intraepithelial vacuolization (arrowed) increased, as quantified in Fig. 7b. Scale bar = 50 μm.