Table 3.

Effect size for difference in mean driving outcomes relative to control subjects for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia groups

Driving behavior	MCI	Dementia
Any violation or accident	0.11	−0.17
Miles driven	−0.65∗	−1.07†
Driving avoidance ratings	0.62‡	1.17†

NOTE. Table entries describe standardized mean differences in driving outcome attributable to MCI or dementia group membership. Any violations or accidents' outcome is binary, and the standardized mean difference refers to the underlying latent response variable for violations or accidents. Driving avoidance ratings refer to the maximum of self- and family-reported mean ratings on four driving avoidance patterns (amount, nighttime, rain, and busy traffic). Items are rated on a 1 to 5 scale, where higher ratings indicate greater agreement with avoidance patterns. Model r² are reported in Table 2.

^∗P < .05.

^†P < .001.

^‡P < .01.