Table 2.

Statistical results testing the effects of seed dressings (SD), earthworms (EW) and glyphosate-herbicide application on earthworm surface activity, litter decomposition, soil microbial activity, wheat growth, and wheat biomass production in mesocosms.

Parameter	Seed Dressing (SD)		Earthworms (EW)		Herbicide (Herbic)		SD × EW		SD × Herbic		EW × Herbic
	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
EW surf. act., specific (toothp. g−1 EW)rmA	4.349	0.025	n.a.	n.a.	4.44	0.046	n.a.	n.a.	2.872	0.077	n.a.	n.a.
EW surf. act., specific (toothp. no−1 EW)rmA	2.776	0.083	n.a.	n.a.	3.571	0.071	n.a.	n.a.	4.769	0.019	n.a.	n.a.
EW surf. act., mean (toothpicks)rmA	4.011	0.033	n.a.	n.a.	2.619	0.120	n.a.	n.a.	0.440	0.649	n.a.	n.a.
EW cumul. surf. act. (toothpicks)rmA	3.742	0.040	n.a.	n.a.	0.116	0.736	n.a.	n.a.	2.422	0.112	n.a.	n.a.
Litter decomposition rate (k)	1.856	0.168	14.987	<0.001	0.001	0.971	0.252	0.092	1.159	0.323	0.416	0.522
Litter stabilization index (S)	1.410	0.254	14.463	<0.001	0.005	0.942	2.399	0.102	0.658	0.522	1.527	0.223
Soil basal respiration (1-Jg COr C g−1 h-1)	0.525	0.595	0.02	0.889	0.428	0.516	1.651	0.203	0.279	0.758	0.132	0.718
Soil microbial biomass (Cmic, I-Jg C g- 1)	1.527	0.228	1.522	0.224	0.183	0.671	0.032	0.969	1.356	0.268	0.046	0.831
Soil qC02 (μg C02–C g- h−1 Cmic h−1)	0.880	0.164	0.2	0.657	1.069	0.307	0.751	0.478	2.036	0.142	0.219	0.642
Wheat height (cm)rmA	1.843	0.181	9.843	0.005	n.a.	n.a.	1.214	0.315	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Wheat biomass (g)	0.668	0.517	4.925	0.032	n.a.	n.a.	0.377	0.688	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.

Significant effects in bold.

n.a. Not applicable; ^rmA analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA.