Table 3.
Animal models to study Leptospira interrogans mutants in motility and LPS biosynthesis genes.
| Function | L. interrogans serovar and strain | Gene/name | Biological variables | Bacterial phenotype | Tissue dissemination (technique, dpi) | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animal | Sex | Age (w.o.) | Infection route/dose | ||||||
| Motility | Australis 702 |
fliM (LIC11836) Flagellar motor switch protein |
Hamster | F | 6 | IP/106, 108 | NV (c+) | ND (dpi 21) | Fontana et al. (89) |
| Manilae strain L495 |
flaA1 (LIC10787) Flagellar subunit |
Hamster | M | 4 | IP/103, 106 | V | Kidn+; Liv+ (qPCR, dpi 5–7) | Lambert et al. (92) | |
| Manilae strain L495 |
flaA2 (LIC10788) Flagellar subunit |
Hamster | M | 4 | IP/103, 106 | NV | Kidn−; Liv− (qPCR, dpi 21) | Lambert et al. (92) | |
| Lai strain Lai |
fliY (LA2613) Flagellar motor switch protein |
Guinea pig | ND | 3 | IP/6 × 108, 1.2 × 109, 3 × 109, 6 × 109 | NV | ND | Liao et al. (93) | |
| Copenhageni strain Fiocruz LV2756 |
fcpA Flagellar coiling protein |
Hamster | M | 3–6 | IP/108 | NV (c+) | Kidn−; Liv−; Lun−; Spl−; Eye−; BL− (qPCR, dpi 21) | Wunder et al. (88) | |
| CJ/108 | NV | Kidn−; Liv−; Lun−; Spl−; Eye−; BL− (qPCR, dpi 21) | |||||||
| LPS synthesis | Manilae strain L495 |
lpxD1 (LA051) LPS modification enzyme |
Gerbil | ND | ND | IP/104 | NV (c+) | Kidn− (qPCR, culture, dpi 20) | Eshghi et al. (90) |
| Manilae strain L495 |
lpxD2 (LA4326) LPS modification enzyme |
Gerbil | ND | ND | IP/104 | V | Kidn+ (qPCR, culture, dpi 20) | Eshghi et al. (90) | |
| Manilae strain L495 |
Lman-1456 (LA1641) LPS synthesis |
Hamster | ND | ND | IP/103 | NV | Kidn− (culture, dpi 21) | Murray et al. (94) | |
| CJ/106 | NV | ND | |||||||
| Manilae strain L495 |
Lman-1408 (LA1641) LPS synthesis |
Hamster | ND | ND | IP/103 | NV | Kidn− (culture, dpi 21) | Murray et al. (94) | |
M, male; F, female; ND, not described; w.o., weeks old; IP, intraperitoneal; CJ, via conjunctiva; NV, non-virulent; V, virulent; c+, complementation restored virulence; BL, blood; Kidn, kidney; Liv, liver; Lun, lungs; Spl, spleen; dpi, day post-infection.
The numbers in brackets refer to the corresponding annotated genes in L. interrogans Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130 (LIC), or in L. interrogans Icterohaemorraghiae strain Lai (LA).
Highlighted in light orange are the genes involved in virulence.