Table 4.
Animal models to study Leptospira interrogans mutants in outer membrane proteins (OMPs) genes and other factors.
| Function | L. interrogans serovar and strain | Gene/name | Biological variables | Bacterial phenotype | Tissue dissemination (technique, dpi) | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animal | Sex | Age (w.o.) | Infection route/dose | ||||||
| OMPs | Manilae strain L495 | lipL32 (LIC11352) OMP | Hamster | ND | ND | IP/103 | V | Kidn+; Lun+; Liv+ (HP, dpi 7–14) | Murray et al. (95) |
| ND | ND | CJ/106 | V | ND | |||||
| Wistar rat | ND | 6 | IP/108 | V | Kidn+ (HP, dpi 15) | ||||
| Manilae strain L495 Pomona strain LT993 |
lipL41 (LA0615) OMP |
Hamster | M/F | 4–6 | IP/103, 104 | V | Kidn+ (culture, dpi 21) | King et al. (96) | |
| Lai strain Lai 56601 |
loa22 (LA0222) OmpA-like protein |
Hamster | M | 6–8 | IP/5 × 107, 108 | NV (c+) | ND | Ristow et al. (87) | |
| Guinea pig | M | 2–3 | IP/2 × 108, 4 × 108 | NV (c+) A |
Kidn+; Liv− (culture, dpi 21) | ||||
| Lai strain Lai 56601 |
colA (LA0872) Collagenase |
Hamster | M | ND | IP/106 | NV (c+) A |
Kidn+; Lun+; Liv+; Uri+; BL+ (CFU, dpi 14) | Kassegne et al. (97) | |
| strain Lai |
mce Mammalian cell entry protein |
Hamster | M | 4 | IP/105, 106, 107, 108, 109 | NV (c+) A |
Uri+ (CFU, dpi 14) | Zhang et al. (98) | |
| Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130 | ligB | Hamster | M | 5–8 | IP/10, 102,104 106 | V | Kidn+ | Croda et al. (99) | |
| Wistar rat | ND | 4–5 | IP/108 | V | Kidn+ (culture, dpi 9) | ||||
| Other factors | Manilae strain L495 | LIC12327 Adenylate/guanylate cyclase |
Hamster | F | 4 | IP/106 | NV A |
BL+; Kidn+; Liv+ (qPCR, dpi 4) | Lourdault et al. (100) |
| Manilae strain L495 | LB139 | Hamster | ND | ND | IP/106 | NV (c+) | BL−; Kidn−; Liv− (qPCR and IF dpi 5 and 25) | Eshghi et al. (101) | |
| CJ/107 | NV (c+) | ND | |||||||
| Manilae strain L495 |
htpG (LB058) High-temperature protein G |
Hamster | M/F | 4–6 | IP/103, 105, 107 | NV (c+) A |
Kidn+; Lun+; Liv+ (qPCR, dpi 5) | King et al. (102) | |
| Manilae strain L495 | lruA (LIC11003) | Hamster | M | 4 | IP/103 | NV A |
Kidn+ (qPCR, dpi 21) | Zhang et al. (103) | |
| Manilae strain L495 Pomona strain LT993 |
katE (LA1859; LIC12032) Catalase |
Hamster | M | 4 | IP/106 | NV (L495) | ND (dpi 21) | Eshghi et al. (104) | |
| NV (LT993) | ND (dpi21) | ||||||||
M, male; F, female; ND, not described; w.o., weeks old; IP, intraperitoneal; CJ, via conjunctiva; NV, non-virulent; V, virulent; NV A, attenuated or partially virulent; c+, complementation restored virulence; BL, blood; Kidn, kidney; Liv, liver; Lun, lungs; Uri, urine; CFU: colony forming units; HP, histopathology; IF, immunofluorescence; dpi, day post-infection.
The numbers in brackets refer to the corresponding annotated genes in L. interrogans Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130 (LIC), or in L. interrogans Icterohaemorraghiae strain Lai (LA).
Highlighted in light orange are the genes involved in virulence and in light yellow the attenuated mutant strains, non virulent but still colonizing the kidneys.