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. 2017 Feb 7;2017:6341919. doi: 10.1155/2017/6341919

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Copyright © 2017 Wenzhou Huang et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Autophagy against AGE-induced apoptosis in chondrocytes. (a) Apoptosis in chondrocytes was measured by Annexin V/PI double-staining assay after treatment with 100 μg/mL AGEs for 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. (b) Statistical analysis of flow cytometry results for apoptotic percentage of chondrocytes treated with AGEs. (c) Annexin V/PI double-staining assay for the apoptotic proportion of chondrocytes after pretreatment with 3-MA (5 mM) or RA (5 μM) for 1 h, followed by 100 μg/mL AGEs for 6 h. (d) The effect of autophagy on AGE-induced apoptotic rate. All results are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ^∗∗p < 0.01 and ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 versus the control group. ^##p < 0.01 and ^###p < 0.001 versus AGE-treated cells.