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. 2016 Dec 1;20:2331216516682698. doi: 10.1177/2331216516682698

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© The Author(s) 2016

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 8. — Values of the level difference required for equal loudness (LDEL) of a comparison sound (either a 100% AM tone with 0° IMPD, top, or a pure tone, bottom) and a test sound that was 100% AM and had an IMPD of 0°, 90°, or 180°. The modulation rate was 4 Hz (left) or 16 Hz (right). Points are slightly laterally offset from their correct positions on the x-axis to avoid overlap of symbols. Error bars show ± 1 SE. Predictions of the binaural TVL model are shown by solid lines. Predictions of the model of Glasberg and Moore (2002) are shown by long-dashed lines. See text for details.