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. 2017 Feb 21;7:42990. doi: 10.1038/srep42990

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(A) TWIST1 gene expression in cartilage tissues from 7 normal donors and 8 OA donors were analyzed by real-time qRT-PCR. TWIST1 gene expression levels in OA cartilage tissues are relative to normal cartilage tissues and normalized to GAPDH. Values are the mean ± SEM ratio. (B) Immunohistochemical staining for TWIST1 in human normal and OA cartilage tissue. **P < 0.01. Left scale bars, 500 μm. Right scale bar, 200 μm. (C) The TWIST1 expression changes after IL-1β and TNFα stimulation in human primary chondrocyte were confirmed by real-time PCR. Values are the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05. (D) The TWIST1 expression changes after 12 hours IL-1β and TNFα stimulation in human primary chondrocyte were confirmed by Western blotting.