Table 1. Association of DUSP1 methylation in peripheral blood leukocyte DNA and environmental factors on breast cancer risk.
| Factors | Cases No. (%) | Controls No. (%) | ORcrude (95%CI) | P-value | ORadj (95%CI) | P-value | Interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORi (95%CI) | P-value | |||||||
| 423 | 509 | |||||||
| DUSP1 methylation | ||||||||
| Methylated | 22 (5.2) | 25 (4.9) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Unmethylated | 401 (94.8) | 484 (95.1) | 0.790 (0.414–1.504) | 0.472 | 1.247 (0.540–2.878) | 0.605 | ||
| Refined grain (g/day) | ||||||||
| <100 | 260 (57.4) | 290 (42.6) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| ≥100 | 90 (25.7) | 215 (97.2) | 0.434 (0.308–0.610) | 0.000 | 0.424 (0.275–0.652) | 0.000 | 2.169 (0.463–10.163) | 0.326 |
| Vegetable (g/day) | ||||||||
| <500 | 283 (68.2) | 261 (52.0) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| ≥500 | 132 (31.8) | 241 (48.0) | 0.657 (0.487–0.888) | 0.006 | 0.374 (0.241–0.582) | 0.000 | 0.581 (0.156–2.167) | 0.419 |
| Fruit (g/week) | ||||||||
| <1500 | 216 (52.4) | 291 (58.3) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| ≥1500 | 196 (47.6) | 208 (41.7) | 1.569 (1.164–2.114) | 0.003 | 1.775 (1.172–2.687) | 0.007 | 2.030 (0.491–8.403) | 0.328 |
| Garlic (times/week) | ||||||||
| <4 | 50 (11.8) | 288 (56.6) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| ≥4 | 173 (41.7) | 221 (43.4) | 0.228 (0.157–0.332) | 0.000 | 0.233 (0.143–0.380) | 0.000 | 0.589 (0.056–6.151) | 0.659 |
| Seafood (times/month) | ||||||||
| <1 | 378 (91.3) | 421 (83.2) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| ≥1 | 36 (8.7) | 85 (16.8) | 0.528 (0.325–0.857) | 0.010 | 0.431 (0.223–0.832) | 0.012 | 1.260 (0.185–8.602) | 0.814 |
| Milk (times/week) | ||||||||
| <3 | 310 (74.0) | 300 (59.8) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| ≥3 | 109 (26.0) | 202 (40.2) | 0.487 (0.349–0.679) | 0.000 | 0.402 (0.252–0.641) | 0.000 | 1.439 (0.350–5.910) | 0.614 |
| Health care products | ||||||||
| No | 244 (58.5) | 35 (72.3) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Yes | 173 (41.5) | 13 (27.7) | 1.685 (1.224–2.320) | 0.001 | 2.356 (1.505–3.689) | 0.000 | 0.455 (0.113–1.837) | 0.269 |
| Overnight Food (times/week) | ||||||||
| ≤3 | 239 (57.2) | 350 (70.4) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| >3 | 179 (42.8) | 147 (29.6) | 1.934 (1.422–2.632) | 0.000 | 1.745 (1.152–2.643) | 0.009 | 1.172 (0.298–4.603) | 0.821 |
| Sports | ||||||||
| No | 270 (64.4) | 270 (53.7) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Yes | 149 (35.6) | 233 (46.3) | 0.490 (0.362–0.665) | 0.000 | 0.447 (0.294–0.681) | 0.000 | 1.552 (0.415–5.807) | 0.514 |
| Menstrual cycle | ||||||||
| regular | 342 (82.2) | 45 (90.7) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| irregular | 74 (17.8) | 47 (9.3) | 1.891 (1.218–2.936) | 0.005 | 2.510 (1.429–4.410) | 0.001 | 0.332 (0.046–2.420) | 0.277 |
| Breast massage | ||||||||
| No | 185 (46.7) | 36 (74.0) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Yes | 211 (53.3) | 127 (26.0) | 3.746 (2.720–5.159) | 0.000 | 3.961 (2.594–6.047) | 0.000 | 0.502 (0.136–1.858) | 0.302 |
| Mammary gland hyperplasia medication history | ||||||||
| No | 332 (79.4) | 488 (96.3) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Yes | 86 (20.6) | 19 (3.7) | 6.013 (3.416–10.582) | 0.000 | 3.692 (1.811–7.526) | 0.000 | 0.296 (0.040–2.200) | 0.234 |
| Contraceptive ring | ||||||||
| No | 105 (25.1) | 157 (30.9) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |||
| Yes | 313 (74.9) | 351 (69.1) | 1.443 (1.040–2.002) | 0.028 | 1.563 (1.001–2.442) | 0.050 | 0.697 (0.181–2.678) | 0.599 |
ORcrude, odds ratio generated by univariate logistic regression; ORadj, odds ratio generated by multivariate logistic regression; ORi, odds ratio generated by multivariate logistic regression for the interaction of DUSP1 methylation and environmental factors; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval.