Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics
| PMX-DHP-2 h (n = 18) | PMX-DHP-12 h (n = 18) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median [IQR] | 75 (64–84) | 78 (60–83) | 0.75 |
| Male, number (%) | 10 (56%) | 7 (39%) | 0.51 |
| Body weight, kg, median [IQR] | 60 (54–65) | 58 (50–64) | 0.45 |
| APACHE II score at ICU admission, median [IQR] | 25 (19–31) | 21 (18–30) | 0.40 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Immunosuppression, number (%) | 4 (22%) | 4 (22%) | 1.00 |
| Liver cirrhosis, number (%) | 2 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 0.49 |
| Chronic dialysis, number (%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (11%) | 0.49 |
| Home oxygenation therapy, number (%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (6%) | 1.00 |
| Decompensate heart failure, number (%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (6%) | 1.00 |
| Source of admission to ICU | 0.81 | ||
| Operating room after emergency surgery, number (%) | 9 (50%) | 11 (61%) | |
| Emergency department, number (%) | 6 (33%) | 5 (28%) | |
| Hospital ward, number (%) | 3 (17%) | 2 (11%) | |
| Site of infection | |||
| Abdomen, number (%) | 11 (61%) | 13 (72%) | 0.72 |
| Thorax, number (%) | 2 (11%) | 1 (6%) | 0.61 |
| Skin and soft tissue, number (%) | 2 (11%) | 1 (6%) | 0.61 |
| Urinary tract, number (%) | 1 (6%) | 2 (11%) | 0.61 |
| Others, number (%) | 1 (6%) | 2 (11%) | 0.61 |
| Unknown, number (%) | 1 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Causative microorganisms | |||
| Gram-negative rods, number (%) | 4 (22%) | 2 (11%) | 0.66 |
| Gram-positive cocci, number (%) | 4 (22%) | 3 (17%) | 1.00 |
| Gram-positive rods, number (%) | 1 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Fungus, number (%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (6%) | 1.00 |
| Mixed, number (%) | 3 (17%) | 7 (39%) | 0.26 |
| Unknown, number (%) | 6 (33%) | 5 (28%) | 1.00 |
| Number of PMX-DHP session | 1.00 | ||
| 1 session, number (%) | 6 (33%) | 7 (39%) | |
| 2 sessions, number (%) | 12 (67%) | 11 (61%) | |
| Start of PMX-DHP from the onset of shock or ICU admission, h, median [IQR]a | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) | 0.09 |
| Treatment in ICU | |||
| Continuous renal replacement therapy, number (%) | 11 (61%) | 8 (44%) | 0.51 |
| Mechanical ventilation, number (%) | 18 (100%) | 18 (100%) | 1.00 |
| Low-dose steroid, number (%) | 17 (94%) | 15 (83%) | 0.60 |
| Dose of fluid administration within 24 h after starting PMX-DHP, ml, median [IQR] | 4285 [3587–7207] | 4780 [3463–8220] | 0.69 |
| Laboratory testb | |||
| White blood cell, 102/mcl, median [IQR] | 77.0 (34.0–172.5) | 88.2 (47.0–146.3) | 1.00 |
| C reactive protein, mg/dl, median [IQR] | 13.5 (4.6–22.5) | 15.9 (9.2–24.1) | 0.28 |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dl, median [IQR] | 1.1 (0.8–2.1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.8) | 0.20 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl, median [IQR] | 1.8 (1.1–2.5) | 1.6 (1.2–2.5) | 0.78 |
| PT-INR, median [IQR] | 1.3 (1.2–2.0) | 1.3 (1.2–1.8) | 0.94 |
| Lactate, mmol/l, median [IQR] | 7.0 (4.7–11.7) | 4.6 (2.0–7.6) | 0.03 |
PMX-DHP-2 h polymyxin direct hemoperfusion for 2 h, PMX-DHP-12 h polymyxin direct hemoperfusion for 12 h, IQR interquartile range, APACHE II acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, ICU intensive care unit, PT-INR prothrombin time-international normalized ratio
aOnset of shock was defined as the timing of inotropic score >10
bLaboratory test was performed at the day of first PMX-DHP session