Table 4.
Odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals from crude logistic regression between environmental factors and physical activity (ref <150mins/week) in urban and rural participants
| Variables | Urban | Rural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTPA | WL | TRPA | TPA | LTPA | WL | TRPA | TPA | |
| Environmental factors (agree vs disagree) | ||||||||
| Land use mix-access | ||||||||
| I can do most of my shopping at local stores | 7.19 (0.95-54.55) | 1.37 (0.73-2.56) | 1.62 (0.70-3.75 | 1.43 (0.63-3.23) | 0.80 (0.32-2.00) | 1.24 (0.82-1.88) | 1.34 (0.58-3.10) | 1.34 (0.88-2.05) |
| Stores are within easy walking distance of my home | 7.19 (0.95-54.55) | 1.37 (0.73-2.56) | 1.62 (0.70-3.75 | 1.43 (0.63-3.23) | 0.80 (0.32-2.00) | 1.24 (0.82-1.88) | 1.34 (0.58-3.10) | 1.34 (0.88-2.05 |
| There are many places to go within easy walking distance of my home | 1.50 (0.33-6.86) | 1.34 (0.64-2.79) | 1.30 (0.46-3.68) | 0.68 (0.30-1.55) | 0.86 (0.34-2.17) | 1.16 (0.76-1.76) | 1.43 (0.61-3.31) | 1.34 (0.87-2.07) |
| It is easy to walk to a transit stop (bus, train) from my home | 1.70 (0.38-7.70) | 2.03**(1.19-2.81) | 2.22 (0.50-9.87) | 1.83** (1.19-2.81) | 3.66 (0.83-16.27) | 0.86 (0.41-1.80) | 1.87 (0.72-4.88) | 2.08 (0.94-4.54) |
| Street connectivity | ||||||||
| The distance between intersections in my neighborhood is usually short | 2.88 (0.65-12.73) | 1.03 (0.56-1.88) | 1.71 (0.57-5.14) | 1.25 (0.62-2.53) | 0.43 (0.12-1.53) | 1.12 (0.69-1.83) | 1.61 (0.63-4.08) | 1.09 (0.66-1.79) |
| There are many four-way intersections in my neighborhood | 3.70* (1.05-12.99) | 2.17**(1.37-3.45) | 1.61 (0.67-3.87) | 1.57* (1.02-2.43) | 0.21 (0.03-1.59) | 1.29 (0.70-2.38) | 2.87 (0.95-8.65) | 0.52 (0.26-1.02) |
| There are many alternative routes in my neighborhood | 1.70 (0.38-7.70) | 0.92 (0.47-1.81) | 1.03 (0.37-2.87) | 0.56 (0.27-1.16) | 1.66 (0.64-4.30) | 1.94**(1.28-2.94) | 1.30 (0.56-3.00) | 1.59* (1.05-2.43) |
| Infrastructure for walking and cycling | ||||||||
| There are sidewalks on most of the streets in my neighborhood | 4.15 (0.54-31.98) | 3.55***(2.15-5.88) | 1.68 (0.70-4.03) | 2.02** (1.30-3.15) | 0.42 (0.12-1.49) | 0.99 (0.52-1.90) | 1.90 (0.73-4.96) | 0.70 (0.34-1.45) |
| The sidewalks in my neighborhood are well maintained | 10.52* (1.40-79.31) | 3.41***(1.98-5.88) | 0.83 (0.36-1.94) | 3.31***(2.06-5.34) | 0.26 (0.06-1.15) | 0.76 (0.44-1.34) | 5.12* (1.18-22.30) | 1.33(0.66-2.67) |
| There is a grass that separates the streets from the sidewalks | 2.78* (1.02-7.58) | 2.63***(1.64-4.23) | 1.11 (0.52-2.35) | 2.51***(2.06-5.34) | 0.44 (0.14-1.35) | 0.82 (0.50-1.36) | 3.07* (1.02-9.25) | 0.62(0.35-1.11) |
| Aesthetics | ||||||||
| Trees give shade for the sidewalks in my neighborhood. | 0.70 (0.30-1.66) | 1.22 (0.74-2.00) | 1.35 (0.62-2.96) | 1.00(0.55-1.82) | 3.95* (1.13-13.86) | 1.02 (0.65-1.60) | 0.93 (0.37-2.34) | 0.98(0.63-1.54) |
| There are many interesting things to look at while walking | 0.65 (0.25-1.67) | 1.75* (1.09-2.83) | 2.06 (0.81-5.20) | 1.04(0.56-1.95) | 5.24* (1.19-23.18) | 1.12 (0.67-1.88) | 1.20 (0.49-2.92) | 0.95(0.60-1.52) |
| My neighborhood is generally free from litter. | 2.33 (0.99-5.48) | 1.32 (0.82-2.12) | 2.04 (0.95-4.36) | 0.75(0.42-1.33) | 0.50 (0.16-1.55) | 1.34 (0.85-2.11) | 0.71 (0.26-1.97) | 1.40(0.88-2.24) |
| Safety from traffic | ||||||||
| Too much traffic along the street I live in makes it difficult walk | 0.39* (0.16-0.95) | 0.39**(0.21-0.71) | 0.83 (0.35-1.96) | 1.01(0.49-2.05) | 0.42 (0.14-1.29) | 0.35***(0.22-0.56) | 0.78 (0.32-1.88) | 054**(0.35-.84) |
| Too much traffic along nearby streets makes it difficult walk | 0.76 (0.35-1.65) | 0.66 (0.41-1.06) | 0.74 (0.36-1.52) | 0.91(0.51-1.62) | 0.17 (0.22-1.31) | 0.57 (0.32-1.04) | 0.91 (0.30-2.79) | 0.69(0.40-1.20) |
| The crosswalks help walkers feel safe crossing busy streets | 1.26 (0.47-3.34) | 1.40 (0.80-2.46) | 1.86 (0.84-4.12 | 1.06(0.53-2.11) | 1.12 (0.41-3.03) | 1.65* (1.01-2.68) | 2.12 (0.70-6.42) | 1.29(0.81-2.06) |
| Safety from crime | ||||||||
| My neighborhood streets are well lit at night | 1.01 (0.36-2.84) | 2.07* (1.16-3.70) | 0.95 (0.35-2.33) | 1.99*(1.04-3.80) | 0.94 (0.30-2.95) | 0.74 (0.41-1.34) | 1.97 (0.69-5.68) | 1.07(0.59-1.93) |
| The crime rate makes it unsafe to go on walks during the day | 1.34 (0.52-3.47) | 0.67 (0.39-1.15) | 0.72 (0.32-1.60) | 1.12(0.59-2.13) | 0.19**(0.05-0.66) | 0.90 (0.59-1.39) | 1.43 (0.61-3.35) | 0.91(0.59-1.40) |
| The crime rate makes it unsafe to go on walks at night. | 0.85 (0.27-2.61) | 0.48* (0.25-0.92) | 0.78 (0.28-2.16) | 1.29(0.63-2.66) | 0.87 (0.32-2.36) | 0.72 (0.47-1.12) | 0.56 (0.21-1.60) | 0.61*(0.39-.96) |
LTPA Leisure time physical activity, WL Walking for leisure, TRPA Transport related physical activity, TPA Total physical activity; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001
Bold is significant p value