Table 5.
Odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals from adjusted logistic regression between environmental factors and physical activity in urban and rural participants in the overall sample
| Physical activity outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variablesa | LTPA | WL | TRPA | TPA |
| Environmental factors (agree vs disagree) | ||||
| Land use mix-access | ||||
| I can do most of my shopping at local stores | 4.26* (1.00-18.06) | 1.38 (0.76-2.51) | 0.87 (0.35-2.16) | 0.73(0.39-1.38) |
| There are many places to go within easy walking distance of my home | 0.46 (0.14-1.84) | 1.01 (0.54-1.90) | 0.81 (0.27-2.46) | 0.93 (0.46-1.87) |
| It is easy to walk to a transit stop (bus, train) from my home | 3.72 (0.85-16.28) | 2.44*** (1.48-4.02) | 2.58 (0.77-.8.66) | 2.12*(1.17-3.84) |
| Street connectivity | ||||
| The distance between intersections in my neighborhood is usually short | 1.01 (0.27-3.80) | 1.45 (0.75-2.80) | 3.53 (0.96-12.91) | 0.68 (0.34-1.38) |
| There are many four-way intersections in my neighborhood | 0.85 (0.22-3.21) | 0.59 (0.31-1.14) | 4.54** (1.54-13.43) | 1.85 (0.93-3.65) |
| There are many alternative routes in my neighborhood | 2.37 (0.63-8.92) | 0.82 (0.48-1.40) | 1.35 (0.49-3.74) | 0.95 (0.51-1.76) |
| Infrastructure for walking and cycling | ||||
| There are sidewalks on most of the streets in my neighborhood | 0.71 (0.17-2.89) | 2.36** (1.25-4.44) | 3.75* (1.06-13.27) | 1.13 (0.56-2.27) |
| The sidewalks in my neighborhood are well maintained | 0.52 (0.15-1.81) | 1.12 (0.55-2.27) | 0.58 (0.19-1.73) | 4.69*** (2.20-10.02) |
| There is a grass that separates the streets from the sidewalks | 1.85 (0.71-4.85) | 0.83 (0.45-1.54) | 0.96 (0.42-2.23) | 1.30 (0.74-2.28) |
| Aesthetics | ||||
| Trees give shade for the sidewalks in my neighborhood. | 1.07 (0.37-3.05) | 2.14* (1.19-3.85) | 1.02 (0.38-2.78) | 1.11 (0.59-2.09) |
| There are many interesting things to look at while walking | 0.72 (0.24-2.22) | 1.93* (1.07-3.46) | 3.84* (1.35-10.93) | 0.92 (0.49-1.73) |
| My neighborhood is generally free from litter. | 1.50 (0.65-3.45) | 1.34 (0.85-2.11) | 1.56 (0.75-3.23) | 1.04 (0.64-1.68) |
| Safety from traffic | ||||
| Too much traffic along the street I live in makes it difficult walk | 0.28* (0.09-0.89) | 2.17* (1.21-3.91) | 0.76 (0.28-2.06) | 0.93 (0.50-1.74) |
| Too much traffic along nearby streets makes it difficult walk | 1.28 (0.46-3.58) | 1.05 (0.54-2.03) | 0.89 (0.36-2.23) | 0.90 (0.49-1.66) |
| The crosswalks help walkers feel safe crossing busy streets | 0.64 (0.20-1.98) | 0.73 (0.38-1.43) | 4.11** (1.47-11.50) | 1.08 (0.56-2.07) |
| Safety from crime | ||||
| My neighborhood streets are well lit at night | 0.70 (0.23-2.18) | 2.01* (1.04-3.89) | 1.52 (0.43-5.38) | 2.50 (1.24-5.04) |
| The crime rate makes it unsafe to go on walks during the day | 0.44 (0.17-1.17) | 0.87 (0.49-1.52) | 0.89 (0.34-2.36) | 1.10 (0.61-1.99) |
| The crime rate makes it unsafe to go on walks at night. | 1.42 (0.46-4.41) | 0.91 (0.54-1.51) | 1.70 (0.57-5.04) | 0.83 (0.46-1.52 |
LTPA Leisure time physical activity, WL Walking for leisure, TRPA Transport related physical activity, TPA Total physical activity;a adjusted for age, sex, site and the interaction term of site with each of the predictors of interest; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001
Bold is significant p value