Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants
| Variables | Participants (n = 114)n(%) |
|---|---|
| Median age (years) [interquartile rangea] | 62.0 [53.0–67.0] |
| Gender | |
| Male | 65 (57.0) |
| Female | 49 (43.0) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Malay | 32 (28.1) |
| Chinese | 36 (31.5) |
| Indian | 46 (40.4) |
| Presence of diabetes-related co-morbiditiesb | 19 (16.7) |
| Positive family history of diabetes | 88 (77.2) |
| Level of education | |
| Primary (6 years of education) | 2 (1.8) |
| Secondary (12 years of education) | 62 (54.4) |
| Tertiary (at least 16 years of education) | 50 (43.8) |
| Median duration of diabetes (years) [IQR] | 9.5 [4.0–15.0] |
| Median HbA1c c [IQR] | 7.1 [6.4–8.5] |
| ≤ 7.0 | 50 (47.2) |
| > 7.0 | 56 (52.8) |
| Management of diabetes | |
| Diet control | 6 (5.3) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agent | 82 (71.9) |
| Insulin | 3 (2.6) |
| Combination of oral hypoglycemic agent and insulin | 23 (20.2) |
aIQR = interquartile range from the first quartile to the third quartile
bhypertension, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes-related eye disease and diabetes-related kidney disease
cglycosylated hemoglobin, only 106 patients had documented HbA1c level