Table 5.

The Cronbach alpha values in previous DDS-17 validation studies

Subscales	Country the DDS-17 was validated in (language) / year
	Malaysia (English) / 2016	Malaysia (Malay) / 2015 (25)	Thailand (Thai) / 2014 (43)	Denmark (Danish) / 2013 (42)	Norway (Norwegian) / 2012 (38)	Iran (Persian) / 2012 (41)	Hong Kong (Chinese) / 2011 (39)	United States (English) / 2005 (19)
Physician distress	0.78	0.82	0.85–0.963	0.83–0.893	0.81–0.873	0.71	0.85	0.88
Emotional burden	0.86	0.86				0.81	0.87	0.88
Regime distress	0.84	0.931b				0.78	0.821a	0.90
Interpersonal distress	0.81					0.77		0.88
Total	0.92	0.94	0.95	0.92	0.92	−2	0.90	0.93

¹The regime distress and the interpersonal distress subscale were combined as the regime-and-social support-related distress subscale^a / therapeutic support distress^b

²Did not report the total DDS-17 Cronbach’s α value

³Did not report Cronbach’s α values of the individual subscales