Table 3.
Adjusted associations between traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness and neuropathological findings separately in ACT and in ROS and MAP*
| Outcome |
ACT n=418 with no TBI with LOC exposure |
ROS and MAP n=1,021 with no TBI with LOC exposure |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TBI with LOC < 1 hour (n=80) |
TBI with LOC ≥1 hour (n=14) |
TBI with LOC < 1 hour (n=96) |
TBI with LOC ≥1 hour (n=23) |
|||||
| RR (95% CI) | P value |
RR (95% CI) | P value |
RR (95% CI) | P value |
RR (95% CI) | P value |
|
| Braak Stage 5 or 6 | 1.22 (0.86, 1.73) | 0.26 | 1.11 (0.61, 2.00) | 0.74 | 0.87 (0.55, 1.37) | 0.54 | 0.85 (0.35, 2.06) | 0.71 |
| CERAD intermediate or frequent | 1.01 (0.79, 1.29) | 0.92 | 0.67 (0.36, 1.25) | 0.21 | 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) | 0.93 | 1.16 (0.73, 1.85) | 0.54 |
| Amyloid angiopathy | 1.08 (0.73, 1.59) | 0.71 | 1.02 (0.47, 2.20) | 0.96 | 1.10 (0.88, 1.39) | 0.41 | 1.11 (0.72, 1.71) | 0.63 |
| Cystic infarcts | 0.83 (0.56, 1.24) | 0.37 | 1.05 (0.52, 2.12) | 0.88 | 0.95 (0.68, 1.33) | 0.77 | 1.24 (0.71, 2.15) | 0.45 |
| Hippocampal sclerosis | 0.93 (0.41, 2.10) | 0.86 | 2.34 (1.02, 5.30) | 0.042 | 0.84 (0.37, 1.93) | 0.68 | 0.49 (0.07, 3.52) | 0.48 |
| Cerebral Microinfarcts | ||||||||
| Any | 0.87 (0.64, 1.19) | 0.39 | 1.23 (0.73, 2.09) | 0.44 | 1.03 (0.72, 1.46) | 0.88 | 1.18 (0.63, 2.21) | 0.61 |
| Any cortical | 0.92 (0.65, 1.31) | 0.64 | 1.12 (0.57, 2.18) | 0.74 | 0.89 (0.53, 1.48) | 0.66 | 2.12 (1.12, 4.01) | 0.021 |
| Any deep | 0.89 (0.60, 1.33) | 0.58 | 1.67 (0.95, 2.93) | 0.075 | 1.16 (0.77, 1.76) | 0.48 | 1.07 (0.47, 2.40) | 0.88 |
| Lewy bodies | ||||||||
| Any | 0.93 (0.55, 1.59) | 0.80 | 2.64 (1.40, 4.99) | 0.003 | 1.04 (0.67, 1.62) | 0.85 | 0.95 (0.39, 2.31) | 0.91 |
| Substantia Nigra / Locus Ceruleus | 0.96 (0.51, 1.80) | 0.89 | 3.30 (1.71, 6.38) | <0.001 | 1.09 (0.69, 1.71) | 0.82 | 0.82 (0.31, 2.22) | 0.70 |
| Frontal or temporal cortex | 1.49 (0.61, 3.64) | 0.38 | 5.73 (2.18, 15.0) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.00, 2.70) | 0.051 | 0.74 (0.18, 3.00) | 0.67 |
| Amygdala / limbic‡ | 1.30 (0.75, 2.24) | 0.35 | 1.89 (0.69, 5.19) | 0.22 | 1.16 (0.73, 1.84) | 0.91 | 0.91 (0.34, 2.44) | 0.85 |
Models were adjusted for age at death, sex, years of education, and in the ACT study for study enrollment cohort
‡
Lewy bodies were evaluated in the amygdala in the ACT study and in the limbic region in ROS and MAP. See methods section and supplemental methods for further details.
Abbreviations: TBI, traumatic brain injury. LOC, loss of consciousness. RR, relative risk. CERAD: Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease.