Table 1.
Selected characteristics of study participants
| All Infants § | Females§ | Males § | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 506 | 252 | 254 |
| Maternal age, y | 33.6 ± 4.3 | 33.7 ± 4.4 | 33.5 ± 4.2 |
| Gestational age, y | 38.8 ± 1.9 | 38.9 ± 1.4 | 38.9 ± 1.6 |
| Gestational age at blood draw, wk | 16.4 ± 1.9 | 16.5 ± 2.0 | 16.3 ± 1.8 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 23.7 ± 4.6 | 23.6 ± 4.7 | 23.8 ± 4.6 |
| 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ng/mL | 29.1 ± 9.5 | 29.4 ± 10.5 | 28.8 ± 8.5 |
| Infant birthweight, g | 3482.1 ± 549.9 | 3419.2 ± 512.5 | 3544.6 ± 579.0 |
| Infant low birthweight, n (%) | |||
| Infant head circumference, cm | 35.1 ± 2.6 | 34.8 ± 2.4 | 35.4 ± 2.7 |
| Married, n (%) | 469 (92.1) | 235 (93.3) | 231 (90.9) |
| ≥ High school education, n (%) | 452 (97.4) | 226 (97.8) | 225 (97.0) |
| Physically active during pregnancy, n (%) | 427 (93.4) | 211 (92.1) | 215 (94.7) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Never | 349 (76.5) | 173 (75.9) | 175 (77.1) |
| Quit before pregnancy | 92 (20.1) | 44 (19.3) | 48 (21.2) |
| Smoked during pregnancy | 15 (3.3) | 11 (4.8) | 4 (1.8) |
| Non-Hispanic White, n (%) | 451 (88.6) | 214 (84.9) | 235 (92.5) |
§
values are means ± standard deviation, unless otherwise stated