Table 4. Average daily intake of heavy metals and metalloids by adults and children and the respective hazard quotients.
| Heavy metal | Site | Daily intake (mg/kg bw/d) | Hazard quotient (HQ) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingestion | Inhalation | Dermal | Ingestion | Inhalation | Dermal | ||||||||
| adult | child | adult | child | adult | child | adult | child | adult | child | adult | child | ||
| As | 1 | 1.7E-03 | 1.6E-02 | 2.5E-07 | 4.5E-07 | 5.9E-04 | 2.0E-03 | 5.8E+00 | 5.4E+01 | 1.7E-02 | 3.0E-02 | 4.8E+00 | 1.6E+01 |
| 2 | 2.1E-05 | 2.0E-04 | 3.1E-09 | 5.5E-09 | 7.3E-06 | 2.4E-05 | 7.1E-02 | 6.6E-01 | 2.1E-04 | 3.7E-04 | 5.9E-02 | 2.0E-01 | |
| 3 | 5.7E-06 | 5.3E-05 | 8.4E-10 | 1.5E-09 | 2.0E-06 | 6.4E-06 | 1.9E-02 | 1.8E-01 | 5.6E-05 | 9.9E-05 | 1.6E-02 | 5.2E-02 | |
| Cd | 1 | 1.5E-05 | 1.4E-04 | 2.2E-09 | 3.9E-09 | 5.1E-06 | 1.7E-05 | 1.5E-02 | 1.4E-01 | 2.2E-04 | 3.9E-04 | 5.1E-01 | 1.7E+00 |
| 2 | 7.1E-06 | 6.6E-05 | 1.0E-09 | 1.8E-09 | 2.4E-06 | 8.0E-06 | 7.1E-03 | 6.6E-02 | 1.0E-04 | 1.8E-04 | 2.4E-01 | 8.0E-01 | |
| 3 | 1.7E-05 | 1.6E-04 | 2.5E-09 | 4.4E-09 | 5.8E-06 | 1.9E-05 | 1.7E-02 | 1.6E-01 | 2.5E-04 | 4.4E-04 | 5.8E-01 | 1.9E+00 | |
| Co | 1 | 2.0E-03 | 1.9E-02 | 3.0E-07 | 5.3E-07 | 6.9E-04 | 2.3E-03 | 1.0E-01 | 9.4E-01 | 5.2E-02 | 9.2E-02 | 4.3E-02 | 1.4E-01 |
| 2 | 8.2E-06 | 7.6E-05 | 1.2E-09 | 2.1E-09 | 2.8E-06 | 9.2E-06 | 4.1E-04 | 3.8E-03 | 2.1E-04 | 3.7E-04 | 1.8E-04 | 5.8E-04 | |
| 3 | 8.8E-06 | 8.2E-05 | 1.3E-09 | 2.3E-09 | 3.0E-06 | 9.9E-06 | 4.4E-04 | 4.1E-03 | 2.3E-04 | 4.0E-04 | 1.9E-04 | 6.2E-04 | |
| Cr | 1 | 2.6E-04 | 2.4E-03 | 3.8E-08 | 6.8E-08 | 8.9E-05 | 2.9E-04 | 8.6E-02 | 8.1E-01 | 1.3E-03 | 2.4E-03 | 1.5E+00 | 4.9E+00 |
| 2 | 7.8E-04 | 7.3E-03 | 1.2E-07 | 2.0E-07 | 2.7E-04 | 8.9E-04 | 2.6E-01 | 2.4E+00 | 4.0E-03 | 7.1E-03 | 4.5E+00 | 1.5E+01 | |
| 3 | 3.7E-04 | 3.5E-03 | 5.5E-08 | 9.8E-08 | 1.3E-04 | 4.2E-04 | 1.3E-01 | 1.2E+00 | 1.9E-03 | 3.4E-03 | 2.1E+00 | 7.1E+00 | |
| Cu | 1 | 1.7E-03 | 1.6E-02 | 2.5E-07 | 4.5E-07 | 5.9E-04 | 2.0E-03 | 4.3E-02 | 4.0E-01 | 6.3E-06 | 1.1E-05 | 5.0E-02 | 1.6E-01 |
| 2 | 2.5E-05 | 2.4E-04 | 3.7E-09 | 6.6E-09 | 8.6E-06 | 2.8E-05 | 6.3E-04 | 5.9E-03 | 9.2E-08 | 1.6E-07 | 7.2E-04 | 2.4E-03 | |
| 3 | 5.9E-05 | 5.5E-04 | 8.7E-09 | 1.5E-08 | 2.0E-05 | 6.7E-05 | 1.5E-03 | 1.4E-02 | 2.2E-07 | 3.8E-07 | 1.7E-03 | 5.6E-03 | |
| Mn | 1 | 4.3E-03 | 4.0E-02 | 6.3E-07 | 1.1E-06 | 1.5E-03 | 4.9E-03 | 9.3E-02 | 8.7E-01 | 4.4E-02 | 7.8E-02 | 5.1E-01 | 1.7E+00 |
| 2 | 2.4E-04 | 2.2E-03 | 3.5E-08 | 6.2E-08 | 8.2E-05 | 2.7E-04 | 5.2E-03 | 4.8E-02 | 2.5E-03 | 4.3E-03 | 4.4E-02 | 1.5E-01 | |
| 3 | 3.1E-04 | 2.9E-03 | 4.6E-08 | 8.2E-08 | 1.1E-04 | 3.6E-04 | 6.8E-03 | 6.4E-02 | 3.2E-03 | 5.7E-03 | 5.9E-02 | 1.9E-01 | |
| Ni | 1 | 4.8E-03 | 4.5E-02 | 7.0E-07 | 1.2E-06 | 1.6E-03 | 5.4E-03 | 2.4E-01 | 2.2E+00 | 2.7E-05 | 4.8E-05 | 3.0E-01 | 1.0E+00 |
| 2 | 5.0E-05 | 4.7E-04 | 7.4E-09 | 1.3E-08 | 1.7E-05 | 5.7E-05 | 2.5E-03 | 2.3E-02 | 2.8E-07 | 5.0E-07 | 3.2E-03 | 1.1E-02 | |
| 3 | 9.1E-05 | 8.5E-04 | 1.3E-08 | 2.4E-08 | 3.1E-05 | 1.0E-04 | 4.6E-03 | 4.2E-02 | 5.1E-07 | 9.1E-07 | 5.8E-03 | 1.9E-02 | |
| Pb | 1 | 7.1E-05 | 6.7E-04 | 1.1E-08 | 1.9E-08 | 2.5E-05 | 8.1E-05 | 2.0E-02 | 1.9E-01 | 3.0E-06 | 5.3E-06 | 4.7E-02 | 1.5E-01 |
| 2 | 5.2E-05 | 4.8E-04 | 7.6E-09 | 1.4E-08 | 1.8E-05 | 5.9E-05 | 1.5E-02 | 1.4E-01 | 2.2E-06 | 3.8E-06 | 3.4E-02 | 1.1E-01 | |
| 3 | 4.8E-05 | 4.5E-04 | 7.0E-09 | 1.3E-08 | 1.6E-05 | 5.4E-05 | 1.4E-02 | 1.3E-01 | 2.0E-06 | 3.5E-06 | 3.1E-02 | 1.0E-01 | |
| Zn | 1 | 6.7E-03 | 6.2E-02 | 9.8E-07 | 1.7E-06 | 2.3E-03 | 7.6E-03 | 2.2E-02 | 2.1E-01 | 3.3E-06 | 5.8E-06 | 8.0E-01 | 2.6E+00 |
| 2 | 1.1E-04 | 1.0E-03 | 1.6E-08 | 2.9E-08 | 3.8E-05 | 1.2E-04 | 3.6E-04 | 3.4E-03 | 5.4E-08 | 9.5E-08 | 6.3E-04 | 2.1E-03 | |
| 3 | 2.3E-04 | 2.1E-03 | 3.3E-08 | 5.9E-08 | 7.8E-05 | 2.6E-04 | 7.6E-04 | 7.1E-03 | 1.1E-07 | 2.0E-07 | 1.3E-03 | 4.3E-03 | |