Table 2.

Marginal effects of annual total healthcare expenditures (2012$) on selected variables: generalized linear model with log-link and gamma variance

	Margin ($)	95% Confidence Interval
Diabetes status
No diabetes	0	[--, --]
Diabetes	6,047	[5268, 6826]
Duration of diabetes (year)	160	[75, 246]
Age (year)	27	[−15, 69]
Gender
Male	0	[--, --]
Female	1,317	[1028, 1607]
BMI category
Normal weight	0	[--, --]
Overweight	−65	[-402, 273]
Class I Obese	54	[-307, 415]
Class II Obese	628	[190, 1066]
Class III Obese	756	[43, 1470]

^*Other covariates that are controlled for include: race (white, black, Hispanic, Asian, other), education level (less than high school, high school diploma, college degree, graduate degree, other degree), household income level as a percentage of Federal Poverty Level (<100%, 100–199%, 200–399%, ≥400%), year dummies (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012), census region (northeast, Midwest, south, west), primary source of health insurance (Medicaid, Medicare, private insurance, other public insurance, other public insurance), diabetes-related comorbidities (heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, hypertension, high cholesterol, renal failure), and current smoker or not.