Table 1. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) patients and household contact controls without TB.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 972) |
TB patient (n = 597) |
Controls (n = 375) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 33 (26–41) | 33 (26–40) | 33 (26–42) |
| Age groups (years) | |||
| 18–24 | 194 (20.0) | 107 (17.9) | 87 (23.2) |
| 25–34 | 347 (35.7) | 226 (37.9) | 121 (32.3) |
| 35–44 | 266 (27.4) | 169 (28.3) | 97 (25.9) |
| ≥45 | 165 (17.0) | 95 (15.9) | 70 (18.7) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 387 (39.8) | 186 (31.2) | 201 (53.6) |
| Male | 585 (60.2) | 411 (68.8) | 174 (46.4) |
| HIV status | |||
| Negative | 774 (79.6) | 434 (72.7) | 340 (90.7) |
| Positive | 198 (20.4) | 163 (27.3) | 35 (9.3) |
| Education level | |||
| No/primary | 806 (82.9) | 500 (83.8) | 306 (81.6) |
| Secondary/University | 166 (17.1) | 97 (16.2) | 69 (18.4) |
| Occupation | |||
| Unemployed | 349 (35.9) | 204 (34.2) | 145 (38.7) |
| Employed | 623 (64.1) | 393 (65.8) | 230 (61.3) |
| Smoking status | |||
| No | 831 (85.5) | 489 (81.9) | 342 (91.2) |
| Yes | 141 (14.5) | 108 (18.1) | 33 (8.8) |
| People in the household | |||
| ≤3 | 731 (75.2) | 442 (74.0) | 289 (77.1) |
| >3 | 241 (24.8) | 155 (26.0) | 86 (22.9) |
| Household income per month (US$) | |||
| ≤100 | 763 (78.5) | 473 (79.2) | 290 (77.3) |
| >100 | 209 (21.5) | 124 (20.8) | 85 (22.7) |
| Body weight at diagnosis, [in kg], (IQR) | 54 (48–61) | 51 (46–57) | 59 (53–67) |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 20.0 (17.6–23.4) | 18.3 (16.6–20.4) | 23.9 (21.6–28.1) |
| BMI categories (kg/m2) | |||
| Underweight <18.5 | 337 (34.7) | 318 (53.3) | 19 (5.1) |
| Normal, 18.5–24.9 | 454 (46.7) | 256 (42.9) | 198 (52.8) |
| Overweight 25.0–29.9 | 119 (12.2) | 21 (3.5) | 98 (26.1) |
| Obese ≥30 | 62 (6.4) | 2 (0.3) | 60 (16.0) |
| Body fat (%) | 10.1 (7.7–14.7) | 9.5 (6.8–13.7) | 11.5 (8.5–17.0) |
| MUAC (cm), median (IQR) | 24.3 (22.7–26.2) | 23.3 (22.0–25.3) | 25.3 (23.7–28.0) |
| Waist hip ratio, median (IQR) | 0.89 (0.86–0.94) | 0.89 (0.86–0.94) | 0.89 (0.86–0.94) |
| Occupational riska | |||
| No | 521 (54.2) | 322 (54.2) | 199 (54.1) |
| Yes | 441 (45.8) | 272 (45.8) | 169 (45.9) |
| Individual deworming (past 12 months) | |||
| Yes | 797 (82.0) | 484 (81.1) | 313 (83.5) |
| No | 175 (18.0) | 113 (18.9) | 62 (16.5) |
| Hb level (g/dl), median (IQR) | 12 (10.4–13.3) | 11.3 (9.9–12.7) | 12.8 (11.5–14.1) |
a Occupational risk for acquiring schistosomiasis (working in rice fields, sand harvesting, washing cars, and fishing)
BMI, body mass index; HIV, human immunodefiency virus; Hb, hemoglobin level; IQR, inter-quartile range; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; US$, United States dollars (1 US$ = 2,190 Tanzanian Shillings in March 2016)