Figure 7. ELMO1 is expressed in human TGFβ-deficient invasive anorectal SCC.

Human anorectal tumor biopsies were analyzed for phosphorylated (activated) SMAD2 (pSMAD2) and ELMO1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). See also Figure 7—figure supplement 1 for additional tumor biopsy sections and antibody controls. Examples of IHC staining from three invasive anal SCC grade 3 (C–E) show reduced or absent nuclear pSMAD2 staining in contrast to normal anorectal mucosa (A) and early stage tumor, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (B). Loss of pSMAD2 correlated with increased ELMO1 expression in 5 out of 6 SCC samples (see Table 1). Scoring: (++), strong positive staining; (+), positive staining; (−), negative staining. Dashed lines delineate the epidermis from dermis in (A) and delineate the tumor from stroma in (B–E). Hematoxylin counterstains nuclei in blue. Scale bars = 100 µm.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22914.019

Figure 7—figure supplement 1. ELMO1 is expressed in human TGFβ-deficient invasive anorectal SCC.

Human anorectal tumors were analyzed for phosphorylated (activated) SMAD2 (pSMAD2) and ELMO1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) (A–B). Secondary antibodies alone were used as controls for the IHC (C). Examples of IHC staining from one SCC in situ and one invasive anal SCC. Scoring: (++), strong positive staining; (+), positive staining; (−), negative staining. Dashed lines delineate the tumor from stroma. Hematoxylin counterstains nuclei in blue. Scale bars = 100 µm.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22914.020