Table 2.
Available data on pyrethroid resistance for sibling species of the Gambiae complex
| Year range | No. records | Mortality (%) | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|
| An. arabiensis | |||
| Up to 2000 (first year = 1996) | 3 | Min 100 | South Africa |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 100 | |||
| 2001–2005 | 67 | Min 75 | Cameroon, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 95.6 | |||
| 2006–2010 | 218 | Min 0 | Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, The Gambia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 79.3 | |||
| 2011–2015 | 161 | Min 9 | Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, South Africa, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 74.7 | |||
| An. coluzzii | |||
| 2001–2005 | 38 | Min 19 | Benin, Cameroon, Nigeria |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 89.7 | |||
| 2006–2010 | 144 | Min 0.9 | Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 73.2 | |||
| 2011–2015 | 44 | Min 1 | Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Mozambique, Liberia |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 60.6 | |||
| An. gambiae | |||
| Up to 2000 (first year = 1999) | 10 | Min 100 | Zambia |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 100 | |||
| 2001–2005 | 55 | Min 27 | Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Mozambique, Nigeria, Uganda |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 88.82 | |||
| 2006–2010 | 139 | Min 0 | Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Uganda, Zambia |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 75.2 | |||
| 2011–2015 | 48 | Min 0 | Cameroon, DRC, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Tanzania, Uganda |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 48.7 | |||
| An. melas | |||
| All years (2005) | 4 | Min 100 | Cameroon |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 100 | |||
| An. quadriannulatus | |||
| All years (2002) | 1 | Min 100 | South Africa |
| Max 100 | |||
| Mean 100 | |||
A record is defined as a mortality value for a single mosquito population sampled at a specified time and place by a unique study. For species with <10 bioassay records, records for all years were aggregated and the year range is noted in parentheses. For species with >10 bioassay records, the data was divided into three year ranges and the year of the first record is given in parentheses. The mean (given in italics), minimum (min) and maximum (max) mortality values across all records for that time period are given together with a list of the countries where the field collections were taken