Table 2.
Risk of death comparing younger patients (15-39 years of age) with older patients 40 years of age and older, California, 1988-2011
| Cause-Specific Survival | Overall Survival | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | HR | 95% CI | P-Value | HR | 95% CI | P-Value |
| Gender | ||||||
| Males | REF | - | - | |||
| Female | 1.27 | (1.23, 1.31) | <.0001 | 1.03 | (1.01, 1.05) | 0.0012 |
| Race/Ethnicity (AYA vs Older adults) | ||||||
| NH White | 0.34 | (0.26, 0.44) | <.0001 | 0.12 | (0.10, 0.14) | <.0001 |
| NH African American | 0.64 | (0.36, 1.16) | 0.1437 | 0.34 | (0.22, 0.52) | <.0001 |
| Hispanic | 0.29 | (0.18, 0.47) | <.0001 | 0.12 | (0.08, 0.17) | <.0001 |
| NH Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.36 | (0.16, 0.83) | 0.0165 | 0.13 | (0.07, 0.26) | <.0001 |
| Year of Diagnosis | ||||||
| 1988-1992 | 1.08 | (1.02, 1.14) | 0.0102 | 1.12 | (1.07, 1.16) | <.0001 |
| 1993-1997 | 0.98 | (0.92, 1.04) | 0.4488 | 1.03 | (0.99, 1.08) | 0.1004 |
| 1998-2002 | 1.05 | (1.00, 1.12) | 0.0670 | 1.06 | (1.02, 1.10) | 0.0037 |
| 2003-2007 | 1.05 | (0.99, 1.11) | 0.0957 | 1.04 | (0.99, 1.08) | 0.0902 |
| 2008-2011 | REF | - | - | |||
| Histology (AYA vs. Non-AYA) | ||||||
| Transitional Cell | 0.34 | (0.26, 0.44) | <.0001 | 0.12 | (0.10, 0.14) | <.0001 |
| Other | 0.59 | (0.42, 0.83) | 0.0025 | 0.40 | (0.30, 0.53) | <.0001 |
| Stage at Diagnosis | ||||||
| In Situ | REF | - | - | |||
| Localized | 1.21 | (1.11, 1.31) | <.0001 | 1.05 | (1.02, 1.08) | 0.0026 |
| Regional | 5.03 | (4.61, 5.49) | <.0001 | 2.12 | (2.05, 2.20) | <.0001 |
| Distant | 15.83 | (14.41, 17.39) | <.0001 | 6.28 | (5.99, 6.58) | <.0001 |
| Unknown | 3.61 | (3.26, 4.00) | <.0001 | 1.58 | (1.50, 1.65) | <.0001 |
| Histologic Grade | ||||||
| Low Grade | REF | - | - | |||
| High Grade | 2.92 | (2.81, 3.03) | <.0001 | 1.62 | (1.59, 1.66) | <.0001 |
| Surgery | ||||||
| No Surgery | REF | - | - | |||
| Local therapy | 0.48 | (0.45, 0.51) | <.0001 | 0.56 | (0.54, 0.58) | <.0001 |
| Cystectomy | 0.29 | (0.27, 0.31) | <.0001 | 0.33 | (0.32, 0.35) | <.0001 |
| Radiation | ||||||
| No | REF | - | - | |||
| Yes | 1.38 | (1.31, 1.45) | <.0001 | 1.48 | (1.43, 1.54) | <.0001 |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||
| No | REF | - | - | |||
| Yes | 0.86 | (0.83, 0.90) | <.0001 | 0.79 | (0.76, 0.81) | <.0001 |
| Residence Location | ||||||
| Urban | REF | - | - | |||
| Rural | 0.96 | (0.90, 1.02) | 0.1944 | 0.97 | (0.94, 1.00) | 0.0796 |
| Neighborhood SES | ||||||
| Low SES | 1.21 | (1.17, 1.24) | <.0001 | 1.28 | (1.26, 1.30) | <.0001 |
| High SES | REF | - | - | |||
Models include cases through 2011, follow-up is completed through 2011
HR-Hazard Ratio
NH- Non-Hispanic
SES- Socioeconomic Status
*Stage at diagnosis is created from a combination of tumor extension, lymphnode involvement, and meta static disease
Low SES includes quintile 1, 2, 3
High SES includes quintile 4, 5