TABLE 1.

Nutrient concentrations and potential modifiers of interest in feed with 50% maize by weight fed to Mongolian gerbils¹

	WW	WO	RW	RO
β-Carotene equivalents,2 μg/g	NDc,3	5.95 ± 0.65a	0.059 ± 0.002b	5.94 ± 0.19a
Zinc, μg/g	10.9 ± 0.90a	11.2 ± 0.33a	2.28 ± 0.19b	3.41 ± 0.76b
Iron,4 μg/g	62.8 ± 2.35a	49.9 ± 1.98b	40.9 ± 1.05c	40.5 ± 3.54c
Copper, μg/g	7.3 ± 1.2	8.6 ± 1.8	6.4 ± 0.9	6.8 ± 2.0
Neutral detergent fiber,5 % organic matter	7.61 ± 0.41b	9.01 ± 0.12a	4.64 ± 0.56d	6.53 ± 0.22c
Acid detergent fiber,5 % organic matter	4.92 ± 0.19a	5.18 ± 0.22a	3.80 ± 0.24c	4.35 ± 0.26b
Dry matter, %	90.5 ± 0.224a	88.1 ± 0.061c	90.1 ± 0.045b	88.0 ± 0.213c
Ash, %	4.33 ± 0.030b	4.45 ± 0.009a	3.91 ± 0.010c	3.89 ± 0.03c
Phytate, mg/g	5.58 ± 0.01b	6.49 ± 0.36a	1.89 ± 0.16c	2.26 ± 0.13c
Phytate:zinc molar ratio6	57.4 ± 3.0b	51.2 ± 4.4b	82.6 ± 10.3a	67.8 ± 14.7a,b

¹Values are means ± SDs. P values were determined by testing the null hypothesis that each variable is equal among treatment groups with the use of ANOVA. All P values were <0.0001 except those for the phytate:zinc molar ratio (P = 0.017) and copper (P = 0.38). Values in a row without a common superscript letter differ: a < b < c. ND, not detected; RO, refined orange; RW, refined white; WO, whole orange; WW, whole white.

²β-carotene equivalent mass was determined by summing β-carotene isomers + 0.5 × α-carotene + 0.5 × β-cryptoxanthin × 536.9 (molar mass β-carotene)/552.8 (molar mass β-cryptoxanthin). Letter comparisons were made with the use of nonparametric analysis because of nonnormality with ND values; when excluded, statistical assumptions were satisfied for reporting.

³The limit of detection was 0.005 μg/g.

⁴Iron was provided in the mineral supplement as ferrous sulfate heptahydrate to provide 40 μg Fe/g.

⁵Values for fiber are presented as % organic matter (subtracting ash weight) in g fiber/g organic matter × 100.

⁶Phytate and zinc data were randomized to estimate variances and P values.