. 2017 Feb 1;147(3):337–345. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.241935

TABLE 2.

Liver β-carotene content of Mongolian gerbils given feed with 50% maize by weight with different milling methods¹

	Refined orange Zn−	Whole orange Zn−	Refined orange Zn+	Whole orange Zn+	P
Study 1
Liver concentration, nmol β-carotene/g	1.21 ± 0.37	0.47 ± 0.20	—	—	<0.00010
Total liver β-carotene, nmol	3.00 ± 1.08	1.23 ± 0.46	—	—	0.00015
Study 2
Liver concentration, nmol β-carotene/g	2.40 ± 0.969^a	1.10 ± 0.515^b	1.71 ± 0.856^a,b	1.56 ± 0.872^a,b
Milling					0.018
Zinc					0.69
Milling by zinc					0.057
Total liver β-carotene, nmol	5.53 ± 2.00^a	2.81 ± 1.50^b	4.31 ± 2.41^a,b	3.63 ± 1.88^a,b
Milling					0.026
Zinc					0.88
Milling by zinc					0.19

Data are means ± SDs, n = 10/group (study 1) and 8–9/group (study 2). Values in a row without a common superscript letter do not differ: a < b. P values were determined with the use of independent 2-sample, 2-tailed t tests (study 1) or 2-factor ANOVA (study 2).