TABLE 4.
Dietary protein quartile, g/d |
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n | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P-trend | |
Bone mineral density,2 g/cm2 | ||||||
Femoral neck | 2903 | 1.001 ± 0.0063 | 0.992 ± 0.006 | 0.998 ± 0.006 | 1.001 ± 0.006 | 0.82 |
Total femur | 2903 | 1.016 ± 0.006 | 1.017 ± 0.006 | 1.023 ± 0.006 | 1.019 ± 0.006 | 0.47 |
Trochanter | 2903 | 0.800 ± 0.006 | 0.806 ± 0.006 | 0.810 ± 0.006 | 0.805 ± 0.006 | 0.32 |
Lumbar spine | 2831 | 1.230 ± 0.008 | 1.228 ± 0.008 | 1.239 ± 0.008 | 1.235 ± 0.008 | 0.37 |
Muscle measures4 | ||||||
ALM, kg | 2905 | 21.2 ± 0.1a | 21.6 ± 0.1b | 21.7 ± 0.1b | 21.7 ± 0.1b | 0.0001 |
ALM/ht2, kg/m2 | 2905 | 7.2 ± 0.03a | 7.3 ± 0.03b | 7.3 ± 0.03b | 7.3 ± 0.03b | 0.0002 |
Quadriceps strength, kg | 2885 | 25.9 ± 0.40a | 27.1 ± 0.40b | 27.2 ± 0.40b | 27.4 ± 0.40b | 0.0028 |
Adjusted for energy intake with the use of the residual method. Values with different superscript lowercase letters were statistically significant, P < 0.05. ALM, appendicular lean mass; ALM/ht2, appendicular lean mass normalized for height.
Adjusted for sex and estrogen status combined (men, estrogenic women, and nonestrogenic women), age, BMI, height, total energy, current smoking, energy-adjusted alcohol consumption, calcium-supplement use, vitamin D–supplement use, physical activity, dietary calcium, and dietary vitamin D.
Least-squares mean ± SE (all such values).
Adjusted for sex, estrogen status, age, BMI, height, total energy, current smoking, supplemental calcium, supplemental vitamin D, and physical activity.