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. 2017 Feb 8;105(3):714–722. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.136762

TABLE 4.

Bone mineral density of the hip and spine, ALM, and quadriceps strength across dietary protein quartiles1

Dietary protein quartile, g/d
n Quartile 1 Quartile 2 Quartile 3 Quartile 4 P-trend
Bone mineral density,2 g/cm2
 Femoral neck 2903 1.001 ± 0.0063 0.992 ± 0.006 0.998 ± 0.006 1.001 ± 0.006 0.82
 Total femur 2903 1.016 ± 0.006 1.017 ± 0.006 1.023 ± 0.006 1.019 ± 0.006 0.47
 Trochanter 2903 0.800 ± 0.006 0.806 ± 0.006 0.810 ± 0.006 0.805 ± 0.006 0.32
 Lumbar spine 2831 1.230 ± 0.008 1.228 ± 0.008 1.239 ± 0.008 1.235 ± 0.008 0.37
Muscle measures4
 ALM, kg 2905 21.2 ± 0.1a 21.6 ± 0.1b 21.7 ± 0.1b 21.7 ± 0.1b 0.0001
 ALM/ht2, kg/m2 2905 7.2 ± 0.03a 7.3 ± 0.03b 7.3 ± 0.03b 7.3 ± 0.03b 0.0002
 Quadriceps strength, kg 2885 25.9 ± 0.40a 27.1 ± 0.40b 27.2 ± 0.40b 27.4 ± 0.40b 0.0028
1

Adjusted for energy intake with the use of the residual method. Values with different superscript lowercase letters were statistically significant, P < 0.05. ALM, appendicular lean mass; ALM/ht2, appendicular lean mass normalized for height.

2

Adjusted for sex and estrogen status combined (men, estrogenic women, and nonestrogenic women), age, BMI, height, total energy, current smoking, energy-adjusted alcohol consumption, calcium-supplement use, vitamin D–supplement use, physical activity, dietary calcium, and dietary vitamin D.

3

Least-squares mean ± SE (all such values).

4

Adjusted for sex, estrogen status, age, BMI, height, total energy, current smoking, supplemental calcium, supplemental vitamin D, and physical activity.