TABLE 5.

Association of dietary protein food clusters with BMD in men and women in the Third Generation Framingham Cohort¹

	BMD by protein food group, g/cm2
BMD	Fast food, full-fat dairy	Fish	Red meat	Chicken	Low-fat milk	Legumes	P2
Femoral neck (n = 2903)	1.004 ± 0.007	1.000 ± 0.006	0.989 ± 0.006	1.002 ± 0.006	0.993 ± 0.007	1.016 ± 0.012	0.12
Trochanter (n = 2903	0.815 ± 0.006	0.805 ± 0.006	0.800 ± 0.006	0.806 ± 0.006	0.803 ± 0.007	0.806 ± 0.012	0.44
Total femur (n = 2903)	1.028 ± 0.007	1.016 ± 0.007	1.012 ± 0.006	1.022 ± 0.006	1.016 ± 0.007	1.025 ± 0.012	0.35
Lumbar spine (n = 2831)	1.240 ± 0.009	1.239 ± 0.009	1.227 ± 0.009	1.233 ± 0.008	1.228 ± 0.010	1.224 ± 0.017	0.67

¹All values are least-squares means ± SEs. General linear modeling was used to compare adjusted least-squares mean BMDs across protein food clusters. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex and estrogen status combined (men, estrogenic women, and nonestrogenic women), BMI, height, total energy intake, current smoking status, energy-adjusted alcohol intake, calcium-supplement use, vitamin D–supplement use, physical activity index, and energy-adjusted protein intake. Adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed with the use of the Tukey-Kramer test. There were no significant differences across groups for any BMD measure. BMD, bone mineral density.

²Overall P value for protein food clusters.