TABLE 3.

Energy-adjusted polyphenol intakes from specific food groups: validity correlations between FFQs and 24-HRs¹

	All (n = 823)			Nonblacks (n = 468)			Blacks (n = 355)
Polyphenols from food group,2 mg/d	Uncorrected	Deattenuated (95% CI)	Deattenuated adjusted (95% CI)	Uncorrected	Deattenuated (95% CI)	Deattenuated adjusted (95% CI)	Uncorrected	Deattenuated (95% CI)	Deattenuated adjusted (95% CI)
Total fruit (n = 899)	0.39**	0.48 (0.40, 0.55)	0.50 (0.47, 0.60)	0.46**	0.57 (0.45, 0.66)	0.60 (0.55, 0.70)	0.37**	0.49 (0.37, 0.60)	0.49 (0.42, 0.63)
Red and purple fruit (n = 884)	0.29**	0.35 (0.28, 0.42)	0.35 (0.29, 0.44)	0.33**	0.41 (0.31, 0.51)	0.41 (0.33, 0.52)	0.27**	0.31 (0.21, 0.41)	0.34 (0.23, 0.45)
Berries (n = 810)	0.35**	0.42 (0.33, 0.50)	0.45 (0.39, 0.54)	0.41**	0.50 (0.39, 0.60)	0.53 (0.46, 0.65)	0.16**	0.20 (0.06, 0.35)	0.19 (0.04, 0.37)
Citrus (n = 834)	0.25**	0.39 (0.28, 0.51)	0.34 (0.24, 0.44)	0.30**	0.53 (0.35, 0.76)	0.43 (0.29, 0.57)	0.19**	0.26 (0.12, 0.40)	0.24 (0.11, 0.38)
Apples and pears (n = 877)	0.32**	0.41 (0.33, 0.48)	0.44 (0.40, 0.54)	0.30**	0.41 (0.29, 0.52)	0.42 (0.35, 0.62)	0.37**	0.45 (0.34, 0.54)	0.49 (0.41, 0.60)
Orange and yellow fruit (n = 857)	0.33**	0.45 (0.34, 0.56)	0.43 (0.35, 0.57)	0.40**	0.58 (0.44, 0.74)	0.52 (0.41, 0.67)	0.24**	0.33 (0.18, 0.51)	0.27 (0.12, 0.45)
Dried fruit (n = 884)	0.34**	0.39 (0.25, 0.53)	0.42 (0.29, 0.58)	0.42**	0.49 (0.31, 0.67)	0.48 (0.31, 0.68)	0.21**	0.23 (0.08, 0.41)	0.33 (0.18, 0.52)
Total vegetables (n = 899)	0.20**	0.37 (0.22, 0.53)	0.35 (0.31, 0.48)	0.24**	0.48 (0.26, 0.75)	0.43 (0.36, 0.63)	0.18**	0.33 (0.11, 0.62)	0.31 (0.18, 0.58)
Cruciferous vegetables (n = 883)	0.28**	0.49 (0.34, 0.62)	0.52 (0.50, 0.62)	0.30**	0.59 (0.36, 0.91)	0.61 (0.59, 0.74)	0.26**	0.40 (0.18, 0.59)	0.42 (0.29, 0.59)
Orange and yellow vegetables (n = 879)	0.21**	0.47 (0.29, 0.80)	0.40 (0.39, 0.55)	0.21**	0.53 (0.28, 1.00)	0.42 (0.41, 0.59)	0.21**	0.46 (0.20, 0.95)	0.38 (0.27, 0.61)
Leafy greens (n = 897)	0.14**	0.21 (0.10, 0.32)	0.19 (0.12, 0.33)	0.12*	0.20 (0.04, 0.36)	0.15 (0.04, 0.30)	0.16**	0.24 (0.07, 0.40)	0.28 (0.14, 0.47)
Tomatoes (n = 895)	0.30**	0.52 (0.38, 0.68)	0.50 (0.49, 0.64)	0.26**	0.50 (0.28, 0.81)	0.48 (0.44, 0.70)	0.30**	0.56 (0.30, 0.86)	0.44 (0.34, 0.67)
Legumes (n = 898)	0.32**	0.52 (0.42, 0.64)	0.49 (0.48, 0.56)	0.30**	0.48 (0.34, 0.62)	0.48 (0.45, 0.60)	0.32**	0.55 (0.35, 0.81)	0.49 (0.41, 0.75)
Soy (n = 858)	0.39**	0.46 (0.37, 0.53)	0.47 (0.41, 0.57)	0.42**	0.49 (0.38, 0.58)	0.50 (0.40, 0.59)	0.34**	0.41 (0.28, 0.52)	0.41 (0.30, 0.56)
Nuts and seeds (n = 893)	0.37**	0.45 (0.36, 0.53)	0.46 (0.40, 0.56)	0.40**	0.48 (0.36, 0.59)	0.50 (0.41, 0.63)	0.24**	0.30 (0.16, 0.42)	0.32 (0.19, 0.47)
Grains (n = 899)	0.33**	0.55 (0.43, 0.69)	0.54 (0.55, 0.63)	0.30**	0.52 (0.35, 0.69)	0.52 (0.48, 0.67)	0.31**	0.55 (0.34, 0.82)	0.56 (0.50, 0.75)
Added fats (n = 898)	0.19**	0.53 (0.32, 1.00)	0.38 (0.37, 0.50)	0.23**	0.57 (0.29, 1.00)	0.50 (0.49, 0.68)	0.15**	0.43 (0.16, 1.00)	0.37 (0.33, 0.77)
Beverages (n = 890)	0.57**	0.70 (0.63, 0.75)	0.71 (0.69, 0.76)	0.64**	0.73 (0.65, 0.78)	0.73 (0.69, 0.82)	0.44**	0.65 (0.52, 0.79)	0.67 (0.63, 0.80)
Fruit juices (n = 853)	0.40**	0.55 (0.46, 0.63)	0.58 (0.57, 0.66)	0.39**	0.49 (0.38, 0.59)	0.51 (0.44, 0.64)	0.41**	0.64 (0.50, 0.82)	0.72 (0.70, 0.86)
Vegetable juices (n = 507)	0.32**	0.34 (0.16, 0.51)	0.40 (0.18, 0.57)	0.34**	0.37 (0.17, 0.57)	0.40 (0.19, 0.63)	0.33**	0.36 (0.10, 0.62)	0.39 (0.05, 0.65)
Coffee (n = 235)	0.69**	0.74 (0.65, 0.80)	0.72 (0.65, 0.81)	0.71**	0.77 (0.66, 0.84)	0.75 (0.67, 0.84)	0.55**	0.58 (0.39, 0.73)	0.57 (0.31, 0.76)
Tea (n = 539)	0.43**	0.48 (0.38, 0.57)	0.49 (0.41, 0.60)	0.46**	0.50 (0.33, 0.63)	0.56 (0.49, 0.68)	0.39**	0.45 (0.33, 0.57)	0.42 (0.31, 0.54)

¹Pearson’s partial correlations were adjusted for age, race, sex, and BMI. For deattenuated correlations, a mixed model was used to estimate the within- and between-subject variances. The mixed model included subjects as random effects and age, sex, race (black or nonblack), and BMI as fixed effects. For race-specific analysis, race was removed from the model. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (2-tailed). FFQ, food-frequency questionnaire; 24-HR, 24-h dietary recall.

²For unadjusted and corrected correlations, the polyphenol intake from food groups was energy adjusted.