. 2017 Feb 8;105(3):589–599. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.139683

TABLE 1.

Actual dietary intakes during a 2-wk run-in diet and 6-wk refined grain–based or whole grain–rich intervention diets¹

	Refined grain (n = 40)		Whole grain (n = 41)
	Run-in diet (weeks 1–2)	Intervention (weeks 3–8)	Run-in diet (weeks 1–2)	Intervention (weeks 3–8)
Energy, kcal/d	2639 ± 363	2551 ± 358^a	2673 ± 395	2566 ± 359^a
Energy density, kcal/g	1.1 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.2^a
Carbohydrate, %	47 ± 1	52 ± 2^a	47 ± 1	54 ± 2^a,b
Fat, %	34 ± 1	28 ± 1^a	35 ± 1	28 ± 2^a
Protein, %	19 ± 1	20 ± 1^a	19 ± 1	18 ± 1^a,b
Total fiber, g/1000 kcal	8 ± 0.4	8 ± 0.4	8 ± 0.3	16 ± 0.8^a,b
Soluble fiber, g/d	6 ± 1	6 ± 1^a	6 ± 1	8 ± 1^a,b
Insoluble fiber, g/d	14 ± 2	15 ± 2	15 ± 2	31 ± 5^a,b
Whole grains, g/d	0	0	0	207 ± 39^a,b
Glycemic index²	86 ± 1	84 ± 2^a	86 ± 2	81 ± 2^a,b
Glycemic load²	251 ± 35	265 ± 41^a	254 ± 38	269 ± 43^a

All values are means ± SDs. ^aSignificantly different from the run-in diet, P < 0.05 (paired-samples t test). ^bSignificantly different from refined grain (ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value, age, sex, and BMI), P < 0.05.

White bread was used as the reference.