TABLE 4.
Stool characteristics before and after 6 wk of consumption of a refined grain–based or whole grain–rich diet1
| Refined grain | Whole grain | P 2 | ||||||||
| n | Week 23 | ΔWeeks 2–84 | n | Week 23 | ΔWeeks 2–84 | β ± SE5 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Stool weight, g wet weight/d | 39 | 91 (84) | −10 (−26, 7) | 40 | 87 (101) | 62 (42, 82) | 76 ± 12 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Stool energy density, kcal/g dry weight | 39 | 5.0 ± 0.3 | −0.03 (−0.13, 0.07) | 40 | 5.1 ± 0.4 | −0.07 (−0.18, 0.05) | −0.03 ± 0.06 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.67 |
| Total stool energy, kcal/d | 39 | 125 (98) | −23 (−46, 1) | 40 | 128 (107) | 69 (35, 102) | 96 ± 18 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Fiber-adjusted total stool energy,6 kcal/d | 39 | 75 (103) | −23 (−46, −1) | 40 | 82 (111) | 30 (−4, 63) | 57 ± 17 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
1
There were no significant differences during week 2.
2
Determined with the use of an ANCOVA. Model 1 was adjusted for the baseline value of the outcome; model 2 was adjusted as for model 1 and for age, sex, and baseline BMI; and model 3 was adjusted as for model 2 and for weight change.
3
Values are means ± SDs or medians (IQRs).
4
All values are means (95% CIs).
5
Obtained from model 1 with refined grain as the reference group.
6
Calculated as total stool energy – total fiber intake × 2.2 kcal/g. The mean nonmetabolizable energy of fiber is 2.2 kcal/g (44).