TABLE 2.
Fat mass and fat mass distribution by quintiles of flavonoid subclass intake in 2734 women aged 18–83 y1
| Flavonoid subclass | FMR, kg:kg | Central FM, % | CFMI, kg/m2 | FM, % | FMI, kg/m2 |
| Total flavonoids, mg/d | |||||
| Quintile 1 | 0.93 ± 0.01 | 33.2 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 36.2 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 33.0 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.1 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 3 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 31.9 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.4 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 4 | 0.91 ± 0.01 | 32.7 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 35.9 ± 0.3 | 8.7 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 5 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 32.0 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.4 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.1 |
| P | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.13 |
| P2 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.13 |
| Flavanones, mg/d | |||||
| Quintile 1 | 0.91 ± 0.01 | 33.0 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.3 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.91 ± 0.01 | 33.1 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.1 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 3 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 32.3 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 35.7 ± 0.3 | 8.6 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 4 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 32.0 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.3 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 5 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 32.5 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 35.6 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.1 |
| P | 0.81 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| P2 | 0.59 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Anthocyanins, mg/d | |||||
| Quintile 1 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 33.3 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 36.3 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 32.6 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 35.8 ± 0.3 | 8.6 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 3 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 32.3 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 35.6 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 4 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 32.6 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 35.9 ± 0.3 | 8.6 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 5 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 32.1 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.5 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.1 |
| P | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| P2 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.33 | 0.23 |
| Flavan-3-ols, mg/d | |||||
| Quintile 1 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 33.2 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 36.4 ± 0.3 | 8.9 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.91 ± 0.01 | 33.0 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.1 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 3 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 32.0 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.4 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 4 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 32.8 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.0 ± 0.3 | 8.7 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 5 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 31.8 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.2 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 0.1 |
| P | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| P2 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| Flavonols, mg/d | |||||
| Quintile 1 | 0.93 ± 0.01 | 33.2 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 36.2 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 32.8 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.1 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 3 | 0.91 ± 0.01 | 32.5 ± 0.4 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 35.7 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 4 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 32.6 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 35.9 ± 0.3 | 8.7 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 5 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 31.8 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | 35.1 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.1 |
| P | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| P2 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| Flavones, mg/d | |||||
| Quintile 1 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 33.6 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 36.7 ± 0.3 | 9.0 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 32.8 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.2 ± 0.3 | 8.7 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 3 | 0.91 ± 0.01 | 32.4 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.1 | 35.7 ± 0.3 | 8.6 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 4 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 32.0 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.5 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 5 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 32.0 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.1 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.1 |
| P | 0.64 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| P2 | 0.86 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Polymers, mg/d | |||||
| Quintile 1 | 0.93 ± 0.01 | 33.0 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.1 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 33.1 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.1 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 3 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 31.9 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.3 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 4 | 0.91 ± 0.01 | 32.9 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.1 ± 0.3 | 8.8 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 5 | 0.90 ± 0.01 | 32.0 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.4 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.1 |
| P | 0.05 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.31 | 0.24 |
| P2 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.24 |
| Proanthocyanidins, mg/d | |||||
| Quintile 1 | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 34.0 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.8 ± 0.3 | 9.0 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 2 | 0.92 ± 0.01 | 32.9 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 36.0 ± 0.3 | 8.7 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 3 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 32.4 ± 0.3 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.8 ± 0.3 | 8.6 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 4 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 32.1 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 35.5 ± 0.3 | 8.4 ± 0.1 |
| Quintile 5 | 0.89 ± 0.01 | 31.6 ± 0.4 | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 35.0 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.1 |
| P | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| P2 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
1
All values are adjusted means ± SEs. n = 2734. Means were adjusted for age, smoking, physical activity, menopausal status, use of hormone replacement therapy, vitamin-supplement use, alcohol use, and intakes of energy, caffeine, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, whole grains, and sugar-sweetened beverages. P values are for trends that were calculated with the use of an ANCOVA. CFMI, central fat mass index; FM, fat mass; FMI, fat mass index; FMR, fat mass ratio.
2
Further adjusted for fruit and vegetable intake and fiber intake.