TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants1
| Characteristic | RG group | WG group |
| Subjects, n | 40 | 41 |
| Sex, M/F, n | 25/15 | 24/17 |
| Age, y | 54 ± 0.79 (41–65)2 | 55 ± 0.94 (40–65) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26 ± 0.47 (20–33) | 26 ± 0.47 (20–34) |
| Race, n | ||
| White | 21 | 23 |
| Black | 9 | 9 |
| Asian American | 3 | 6 |
| Other | 7 | 3 |
| Education, n (%) | ||
| Graduate of professional school | 14 (37) | 14 (34) |
| 4 y of college | 17 (45) | 15 (37) |
| <4 y of college | 6 (16) | 9 (22) |
| Other | 1 (3) | 3 (7) |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||
| Married | 16 (42) | 12 (29) |
| Single | 14 (37) | 17 (41) |
| Divorced | 6 (16) | 8 (20) |
| Separated | 1 (3) | 3 (7) |
| Widowed | 1 (3) | 1 (2) |
| Occupation, n (%) | ||
| Service | 6 (17) | 12 (32) |
| Technical | 6 (17) | 1 (3) |
| Professional | 6 (17) | 5 (13) |
| Retired | 3 (8) | 3 (8) |
| Unemployed | 2 (5) | 2 (5) |
| Other | 13 (36) | 15 (39) |
1
There were no statistical differences between groups on the basis of Student’s t test or Fisher’s exact test. RG, refined grain; WG, whole grain.
2
Mean ± SEM; range in parentheses (all such values).