TABLE 4.

Fecal water SCFA concentrations of participants at baseline (week 2) and follow-up (week 8)¹

	RG group				WG group
Measure	Baseline	Follow-up	ΔRG	P	Baseline	Follow-up	ΔWG	P	ΔWG − ΔRG	P
Acetate, mmol/L	20.73 ± 1.11	19.3 ± 0.92	−1.43 ± 0.96	0.03	21.63 ± 1.17	22.34 ± 1.26	0.71 ± 0.98	0.19	2.13 ± 1.36	0.02
Propionate, mmol/L	5.19 ± 0.64	3.6 ± 0.5	−1.59 ± 0.32	<0.0001	5.37 ± 0.71	3.46 ± 0.46	−1.91 ± 0.25	<0.0001	−0.32 ± 0.41	0.29
Butyrate, mmol/L	5.29 ± 0.8	4.5 ± 0.51	−0.79 ± 0.89	0.14	5.43 ± 0.7	5.52 ± 0.91	0.09 ± 0.76	0.86	0.88 ± 1.18	0.25
Total SCFAs, mmol/L	31.21 ± 2.12	27.4 ± 1.62	−3.81 ± 1.66	0.002	32.43 ± 2.1	31.32 ± 2.08	−1.11 ± 1.51	0.65	2.70 ± 2.25	0.05

¹All values are means ± SEMs. n = 40 in the RG group, and n = 41 in the WG group. There were no differences between groups at baseline. P values were obtained with the use of an ANCOVA and controlling for the baseline measure, BMI, age, and sex. RG, refined grain; SCFA, short-chain fatty acid; WG, whole grain.