TABLE 5.

Relative abundance of bacteria phyla in stool samples of participants at baseline (week 2) and follow-up (week 8)¹

	RG group				WG group
Phylum	Baseline	Follow-up	ΔRG	P	Baseline	Follow-up	ΔWG	P	ΔWG − ΔRG	P
Firmicutes, % of total microbiota	51.41 ± 3.00	48.61 ± 2.74	−2.80 ± 2.87	0.97	43.29 ± 2.57	43.57 ± 2.33	0.28 ± 2.70	0.94	3.08 ± 2.75	0.94
Bacteroidetes, % of total microbiota	38.66 ± 2.85	45.33 ± 3.13	6.67 ± 0.43	0.91	49.13 ± 2.73	50.2 ± 2.33	1.07 ± 2.79	0.94	−5.6 ± 1.61	0.97
Proteobacteria, % of total microbiota	2.96 ± 0.65	2.32 ± 0.29	−0.64 ± 0.49	0.91	3.30 ± 0.53	3.05 ± 0.43	−0.25 ± 0.48	0.94	0.39 ± 0.49	0.97
Actinobacteria, % of total microbiota	1.74 ± 0.43	1.56 ± 0.33	−0.18 ± 0.39	0.91	1.59 ± 0.44	1.05 ± 0.28	−0.54 ± 0.36	0.94	−0.36 ± 0.37	0.89
Tenericutes, % of total microbiota	1.45 ± 0.54	0.73 ± 0.26	−0.72 ± 0.42	0.91	0.73 ± 0.31	0.71 ± 0.28	−0.02 ± 0.29	0.94	0.70 ± 0.43	0.89
Verrucomicrobia, % of total microbiota	0.45 ± 0.11	0.71 ± 0.28	0.26 ± 0.27	0.91	0.26 ± 0.1	0.39 ± 0.14	0.13 ± 0.12	0.94	−0.13 ± 0.20	0.94
Cyanobacteria, % of total microbiota	0.63 ± 0.58	0.01 ± 0.01	−0.62 ± 0.01	0.97	0.13 ± 0.1	0.07 ± 0.06	−0.06 ± 1.09	0.94	0.56 ± 0.55	0.97
Fusobacteria, % of total microbiota	1.75 ± 1.74	0.02 ± 0.01	−1.73 ± 0.01	0.93	1.07 ± 0.61	0.72 ± 0.44	−0.35 ± 0.74	0.94	1.38 ± 0.38	0.94
Lentisphaerae, % of total microbiota	0.02 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.02	0.91	0.07 ± 0.07	0.02 ± 0.01	−0.05 ± 0.04	0.94	−0.06 ± 0.03	0.89

¹All values are means ± SEMs. n = 40 in the RG group, and n = 39 in the WG group. There were no differences between groups at baseline. P values were obtained with the use of a linear model; covariates in the model included age, BMI, and sex with false-discovery rate correction for multiple testing. RG, refined grain; WG, whole grain.