TABLE 8.

Delayed-type hypersensitivity of participants at baseline (week 2) and follow-up (week 8)¹

	RG group				WG group
Measure	Baseline	Follow-up	ΔRG	P	Baseline	Follow-up	ΔWG	P	ΔWG − ΔRG	P
Positive responses, n	1.8 ± 0.1	2.0 ± 0.1	0.2 ± 0.1	0.05	1.7 ± 0.1	2.0 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.1	0.03	0.1 ± 0.2	0.88
Total diameter, mm	27.4 ± 2.5	31.0 ± 2.9	3.6 ± 3.2	0.10	24.7 ± 2.3	31.0 ± 2.2	5.9 ± 2.6	0.10	2.31 ± 4.1	0.90
Tetanus, mm	13.2 ± 1.3	13.9 ± 1.4	0.6 ± 1.5	0.70	12.6 ± 1.3	14.0 ± 1.2	1.3 ± 1.7	0.60	0.6 ± 2.3	0.94
Candida, mm	10.8 ± 1.3	11.6 ± 1.4	0.8 ± 1.3	0.60	11.4 ± 1.5	13.3 ± 1.4	1.8 ± 1.3	0.20	1.0 ± 1.9	0.51
Trichophyton, mm	3.6 ± 1.1	5.8 ± 1.4	2.1 ± 0.9	0.04	1.6 ± 0.8	3.8 ± 1.1	2.2 ± 0.8	0.03	0.1 ± 1.2	0.93

¹All values are means ± SEMs. n = 38–40 in the RG group, and n = 41 in the WG group. There were no differences between groups at baseline. P values were obtained with the use of an ANCOVA and controlling for the baseline measure, BMI, age, and sex. RG, refined grain; WG, whole grain.