Table 1.
The baseline demographic and biochemical parameters in various study groups
| Variables | NG (n = 100) | DM (n = 100) | DM-CRD (n = 100) |
| Age (yr) | 46.0 ± 4.0 | 56.40 ± 3.5 | 55.7 ± 4.2 |
| Sex ratio (male/female) | 52/48 | 54/46 | 52/48 |
| Duration of DM (yr) | - | 12.7 ± 1.5 | 8.1 ± 2.3d |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.1 ± 1.7 | 21.1 ± 2.1 | 21.6 ± 3.4 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 118.1 ± 0.5 | 138.0 ± 2.1b | 137.7 ± 2.8b |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.2 ± 1.0 | 81.6 ± 1.9b | 82.8 ± 0.0b |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 82.4 ± 3.1 | 153.5 ± 3.5b | 184.3 ± 9.2bd |
| Postprandial glucose (mg/dL) | 118.2 ± 2.4 | 201.7 ± 10.1b | 261.1 ± 12.2bd |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.11 ± 0.46 | 7.10 ± 0.25b | 9.16 ± 0.16bd |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 31.5 ± 5.5 | 30.7 ± 5.8 | 93.2 ± 4.8bd |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.83 ± 0.23 | 0.90 ± 0.20 | 3.7 ± 1.5bd |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.2 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 9.1 ± 0.8bd |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 99.1 ± 0.7 | 96.4 ± 0.6 | 51.2 ± 0.9d |
| Urinary albumin/creatinine | - | - | 0.42 ± 0.35 |
b
Significantly different from Normoglycemic at P < 0.001;
d
Significantly different from diabetic patients without nephropathy at P < 0.001. Data are expressed as mean + SD. NG: Normoglycemic; DM: Diabetes mellitus without nephropathy; DM-CRD: Diabetic nephropathy; BMI: Body mass index; SBP and DBP: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.