. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 22.

Published in final edited form as: J Biol Rhythms. 2015 Jun 18;30(4):342–350. doi: 10.1177/0748730415590702

Table 1. Sleep Parameters and Statistical Analysis.

	Sleep Parameters (Mean ± SEM)		Two-Way ANOVA Effects

	NO-Electricity, Summer (Winter)	Electricity, Summer (Winter)	Electricity (F_1,27; p Value)	Season (F_1,27; p Value)	Interaction (F_1,27; p Value)
Bedtime	21:51 ± 0:14 (21:46 ± 0:12)	22:59 ± 0:19 (22:45 ± 0:15)	(16; 0.0005)	(0.34; 0.56)	(0.08; 0.78)
Sleep onset	22:14 ± 0:12 (22:12 ± 0:09)	23:17 ± 0:14 (23:06 ± 0:18)	(13; 0.0011)	(0.16; 0.69)	(0.08; 0.78)
Sleep latency	0.92 ± 0.23 (1.09 ± 0.25)	0.60 ± 0.40 (1.10 ± 0.32)	(0.22; 0.64)	(1.0; 0.32)	(0.25; 0.62)
Sleep duration	6.98 ± 0.18 (8.47± 0.23)	6.27 ± 0.28 (7.53 ± 0.18)	(14; 0.0010)	(38; < 0.0001)	(0.26; 0.61)
Sleep offset	06:23 ± 0:11 (07:29 ± 0:10)	06:40 ± 0:22 (07:31 ± 0:14)	(0.43; 0.52)	(15; 0.0006)	(0.25; 0.62)
Rise time	06:51 ± 0:12 (07:44 ± 0:13)	06:53 ± 0:22 (07:55 ± 0:15)	(0.16; 0.69)	(12; 0.0017)	(0.085; 0.77)
Fragmentation index	31.95 ± 2.48 (21.24 ± 3.69)	28.25 ± 4.79 (25.63 ± 1.68)	(0.012; 0.91)	(4.5; 0.0438)	(1.6; 0.21)

Bedtime, sleep onset, sleep offset, and rise time are indicated in clock time. Sleep duration and sleep latency are indicated in hours. ANOVA = analysis of variance. Boldface indicates statistically significant effects (P ≤ 0.05).