Figure 1. Choline attenuated the development of hypertension, improved cardiac function, and increased BRS and serum ACh level in SHRs.

(a) SBP for eight weeks measured by tail cuff. (b) SBP, (c) MAP, (d) DBP, (e) LVSP & LVEDP, (f) ±dp/dt_max and (g) HR were measured by polygraph recorder at the end of the experiment. (h) The vagal activity index, BRS. (i) The concentration of ACh level in serum. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 8). ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001 vs WKY. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs SHR. ^&P < 0.05, ^&&P < 0.01, ^&&&P < 0.001 vs SHR+Choline.